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CBA 4
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
Interventions
Raise Plasma pH > 7.20
Treat Underlying Cause
Sodium Bicarbonate
Considerations
Follow ABGs
Continuously Monitor Patient
2 mins
Metabolic Alkalosis Assessment
Signs and Symptoms
Increased pH > 7.45
Increased HCO3 > 26
Excitable State
Arrhythmias
Paresthesias
Muscle Cramps
Muscle Weakness
Decreased Respiratory Effort
1 min
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism
Nutrition Given Outside GI
Side Effects
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Refeeding Syndrome
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
Use Large Central Vein
No Added Meds to TPN Line
2 mins
Aseptic Technique
Invasive Procedures
Skin Integrity Broken
Sterility
Hands Up for Scrubbing
Keep Objects in View
Only Sterile Objects in Field
Only Sterile Touches Sterile
Contamination
Edges of Sterile Field
If Sterility Questioned
If Wet or Prolonged Exposure to Air
Considerations
Never Leave Sterile Area
PPE Order
2 mins
Wound Drainage Types and Devices
Drainage Types
Serous
Serosanguineous
Sanguineous
Purulent
Drainage Devices
T-tube
Penrose
Jackson-Pratt (JP)
Hemovac
Considerations
Record Drainage Amounts
Check Device Function
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
Primary Infection
Within 3 Weeks
Flu-like Symptoms
Asymptomatic Stage
Years
Symptomatic Stage
CD4+ < 500
AIDS
Opportunistic Infections
CD4+ < 200
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
Assessment
RNA Retrovirus
CD4+ Helper T Cells
Primary Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic Stage
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Unexplained Weight Loss
White Spots on Tongue
Persistent Fever
Night Sweats
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
Viral Load
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
3 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
Interventions
Adequate Nutrition
Small Frequent Meals
IV Hydration
Emotional Support
HIV Medications
HAART
Considerations
Transmission Education
Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
Treat Opportunistic Infections
2 mins
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
Nucleoside Analog
DEALSZ
Didanosine (DDI)
Emtricitabine (FTC)
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Zidovudine (ZDV)
Nucleotide Analog
Tenofovir (TDF)
2 mins
Standard Precautions
Hand Hygiene
Wash In / Wash Out
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
Hand Washing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gown
Face Mask
Goggles/Face Shield
Gloves
Donning and Removing PPE
Discard Sharps in Puncture-Resistant Container
Cough Etiquette
2 mins
Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Private Room
Droplet
Droplets Larger than 5 Microns
Being Within 3 Feet of Patient
Surgical Mask with Face Shield
Type of Infection or Condition
Airborne
Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
Droplets Smaller than 5 Microns
N95 Respirator
Type of Infection or Condition
2 mins
Contact Precautions
Private Room
Wash In / Wash Out
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Gown
Limit Time Patient Leaves Room
Leave Equipment In Room
Special Linen Handling
Same Pathogen, Same Room
History of Contact Isolation
Preventative Education
2 mins
Skin Anatomy
Characteristics
Epidermis
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic Cells
Merkel Cells
Dermis
Sweat Glands
Hair Follicles
Sebaceous Glands
Hypodermis
3 mins
Skin Functions
Characteristics
Thermoregulation
Protection
Innate Immune Protection
Synthesize Vitamin D
Water and Salt Excretion
Dilated Capillaries are a Blood Reservoir
2 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
1 min
Pressure Ulcers
Risk Factors
Prolonged Immobilization
Neurologic Disease
Decreased Level of Consciousness
Classification
Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema
Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss
Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement
Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement
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