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CARDS
Nonselective Beta-Blockers
"-olol" Suffix
Nonselective
Propranolol
Timolol
Nadolol
Partial β Agonist
Pindolol
Nonselective β with α Blocking
Carvedilol
Labetalol
2 mins
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
Decrease cAMP
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
Lower Blood Pressure
Decrease O2 Consumption
Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Selective Beta-1 Blockers
Characteristics
"-olol" Suffix
Drug Names
Beta-1 Selective
Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
Partial Beta agonists
Acebutolol
1 min
Alpha-2 Agonists (Sympathoplegics)
Indications
Hypertension
Renal disease
Mechanism of Action
Centrally acting Alpha-2 Agonist
Drugs
Clonidine
Rebound Hypertension
Alpha-Methyldopa
Pregnancy
Coombs (+) Hemolytic Anemia
SLE Like Syndrome
2 mins
Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
"-osin" suffix
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Side Effects
Syncope
Orthostatic Hypotension
1 min
Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP, ERP, and QT interval.
Drugs
Disopyramide
Procainamide
Drug-induced Lupus
Quinidine
Cinchonism
Shared Side Effects
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de Pointes
1 min
Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
After Myocardial Infarction
Mechanism of Action
Affect Ischemic Tissue
Decrease AP duration
Drugs
Mexiletine
GI Upset
Lidocaine
CNS Depression
Tocainide
Phenytoin
Hirsutism
2 mins
Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Used as Last Resort
V-Tach
Mechanism of Action
No Effect on AP Duration
Drugs
Propafenone
Flecainide
Contraindications
Post-Myocardial Infarction
56 secs
Class III Antiarrhythmics (K+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP Duration, ERP, and QT Interval
Drug Names
Amiodarone
Check Function Tests
Dirty Drug
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Beta-Blocker
2 mins
Digoxin Mechanism and Indication
Direct inhibition of Na K ATPase
Indirect inhibition of Na Ca exchanger
Increase Ca in cell
Positive Inotropy
CHF
Stimulates Vagus Nerve
Decreased conduction at AV node
Atrial Fibrillation
1 min
Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
2 mins
Streptococcus viridans
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Negative
Alpha-Hemolytic
Optochin-Resistant
Not Bile Soluble
Normal Flora of Oropharynx
Synthesize Dextrans from Sucrose
Disease
Dental Caries
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
2 mins
Bacterial Endocarditis
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
New murmur
Janeway Lesions
Splinter Hemorrhages
Roth spots/round white spots on retina
Osler nodes/tender lesions on finger or toe pads
Anemia
2 mins
Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
Major Criteria
Blood Culture Positive
Endocardial Involvement
Minor Criteria
Fever
Immunologic Phenomena
Vascular Phenomena
Predisposition
Microbiological Evidence
Diagnosis
Two Major Criteria, or
One Major and Three Minor Criteria, or
Five Minor Criteria
4 mins
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