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NP Shared "FNP Intensive Review Leik-HEENT" - 55 Picmonics

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FNP Intensive Review Leik-HEENT

Otitis Media Assessment
Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
Ear Pain
Pulling at Ear
Fever
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
More Common in Young Children
Eustachian Tube Narrower
Conductive Hearing Loss
Smoking Increases Risk
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2 mins
Otitis Media Interventions
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Irrigation
Position on Affected Side
Myringotomy
Tympanostomy Tube
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2 mins
Meniere's Disease
Mechanism
Excess Endolymph
Signs and Symptoms
Tinnitus
One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Vertigo
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Meclizine (Antivert)
Low Salt Diet
Surgery
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2 mins
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
Pathophysiology
Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Signs and Symptoms
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Belching
Nighttime Coughing
Dysphagia
Epigastric Pain
Regurgitation
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Globus
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2 mins
Mallory-Weiss
Characteristics
Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
Forceful Vomiting
Alcoholism
Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
Painful Hematemesis
Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Management
Observation
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2 mins
Boerhaave Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Esophageal Rupture
Increased Esophageal Pressure while Vomiting
Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
Signs and Symptoms
Chest Pain
Odynophagia
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Management
Shock
Surgical Emergency
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2 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
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2 mins
Achalasia
Pathophysiology
Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Malignancies
Chagas Disease
Loss of Auerbach Plexus
Symptoms
Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Bird's Beak Appearance
Manometry
Risk Factors
Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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2 mins
Zenker Diverticulum
Pathophysiology
False Diverticulum
Junction of Pharynx and Esophagus
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Symptoms
Dysphagia
Regurgitation of Undigested Food
Halitosis
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Treatment
Surgical Repair
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2 mins
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Triad of Symptoms
Dysphagia
Esophageal Webs
Glossitis
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Association
Squamous Cell Cancer of Esophagus
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1 min
Esophageal Perforation
Etiologies
Iatrogenic
Inflammation
Trauma
Boerhaave Syndrome
Presentation
Retrosternal Pain
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Pneumomediastinum
Diagnostic Workup
Chest X-Ray
Esophagram
Computed Tomography
Management
ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
Surgical Repair
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4 mins
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors and Presentation
Characteristics
Most Common Esophageal Cancer Worldwide
Upper 2/3 of Esophagus
RISK FACTORS
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Alcohol
Smoking
Poor Diet
Achalasia
Clinical Features
Progressive Dysphagia
Weight Loss
Anemia
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1 min
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Characteristics
History of Atopic Disease
Symptoms
Dysphagia
Diagnosis
Endoscopy with Biopsy
Eosinophilic Infiltrate
Unresponsive to GERD Therapy
Interventions
Elimination Diet
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Topical Glucocorticoids
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2 mins
Esophageal Varices
Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Left Gastric Vein and Esophageal Veins
Clinical Features
Hematemesis
Melena
Hypotension
Acute Management
IV Fluids
Antibiotics
Octreotide
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Prophylaxis
Nonselective Beta Blockers
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
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3 mins
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
Characteristics
Most Common Esophageal Cancer in USA
Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
Risk Factors
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Barrett's Esophagus
Achalasia
Obesity
Smoking
Presentation
Weight Loss
Progressive Dysphagia
Anemia
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2 mins
Dysphagia
Etiology
Neurological Disorders
Muscular Disorders
Structural Abnormalities
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inflammatory Conditions
Signs & Symptoms
Difficulty Swallowing
Choking or Coughing
Regurgitation
Diagnosis
Clinical History and Physical Examination
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow Study - MBSS)
Interventions
Treat Underlying Cause
Therapy
Dietary Modifications
Medications
Surgery
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3 mins
Sialolithiasis
Characteristics
Stone Formation
Ducts of Major Salivary Glands
Clinical Manifestations
Recurrent Periprandial Pain
Swelling
Trouble Swallowing
Associations
Dehydration
Smoking Tobacco
Trauma
Treatment
NSAIDs
Stimulation of Salivary Flow
Antibiotics
Surgery
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2 mins
Head, Face and Neck Assessment
Head
Inspect Size and Shape of Skull
Palpate Temporal Artery
Face
Observe Facial Expression
Inspect Facial Structures and Symmetry
Neck
Look for Symmetry
Check Range of Motion
Inspect Lymph Nodes and Thyroid Gland
Confirm Trachea is Midline
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2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury
Linear Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Depressed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basilar Skull Fracture
Closed Head Injury
Coup and Contrecoup
Brain Contusion
Concussion
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2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Assessment
Progressive Muscle Weakness
Systemic Muscle Wasting
Fasciculations
Spasticity
Fatigue
Considerations
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Stretching
Little to No Cognitive Decline
Respiratory Support
Palliative Care
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2 mins

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NP Shared FNP Intensive Review Leik-HEENT - 55 Picmonics