Judy Shared "N726 PC 1 Endocrine Playlist" - 31 Picmonics
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N726 PC 1 Endocrine Playlist
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
- Characteristics
- Adrenal Cortex
- RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
- CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
- Cortisol Released
- Androgens Released
- Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
- Characteristics
- Adrenal Cortex
- Zona Glomerulosa
- Aldosterone
- Zona Fasciculata
- Cortisol
- Zona Reticularis
- Androgens
- Adrenal Medulla
- Chromaffin Cells
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Anterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Hypothalamic Control
- FLAT PeG Mnemonic
- Tropic Hormones
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Direct Hormones
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
Hypothalamus
- Characteristics
- Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
- GHRH
- GnRH
- TRH
- PIF
- CRF Released During Stress
- Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
3 mins
Posterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
- Direct Hormones
- Vasopressin
- Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
- Oxytocin
- Increased Uterine Contraction
- Mammary Glands Contraction
2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Bone Resorption
- Blood Calcium Increases
- Vitamin D Activation
- Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
1 min
Peptide Hormones
- Characteristics
- Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
- Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
- Stimulate Secondary Messengers
- Amino Acid-Derived
- Examples
- Insulin
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
2 mins
Steroid Hormones
- Characteristics
- Nuclear Membrane
- Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
- Cholesterol-Derived
- Intracellular Receptors
- DNA Transcription
- Examples
- Testosterone
- Aldosterone
- Estrogen
- Cortisol
2 mins
Insulin Synthesis
- Synthesis
- Preproinsulin
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Proinsulin
- Golgi Body
- Beta Cells Release Insulin
- Beta Cells Release C-peptide
- Clinical Relevance
- Insulinoma
- Sulfonylureas
- Surreptitious Insulin Use
2 mins
Insulin Regulation
- Master Regulator
- Glucose
- Incretins Released with Oral Glucose
- GLP-1
- GIP
- Positive Regulators
- Beta-2 Receptor Stimulation
- M3 Acetylcholine Receptor Stimulation
- Negative Regulators
- Alpha-2 Receptor Stimulation
- Somatostatin
2 mins
Thyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
- Metabolism Regulation
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Calcitonin Release
- Blood Calcium Decreases
- Bone Building
2 mins
Thyroid Function Screening Tests
- If TSH High
- Free T4 (FT4)
- If TSH Low
- Free T4 (FT4) and T3 (Triiodothyronine)
- Consider Serum Total T4 (Thyroxine)
- Considerations
- Only Total T4 Increases in Pregnancy
- T4 is Converted to T3
- Avoid for Inpatient Screening
2 mins
Thyroid Storm Causes
- Pathophysiology Causes
- Sepsis
- Thyroid Trauma
- Surgery
- Childbirth
- Grave's Disease
- Excessive Thyroid Hormone Ingestion
- TSH-secreting Tumors
- Hyperfunctioning Goiter or Nodule
- McCune Albright Syndrome
2 mins
Thyroid Storm
- Symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Liver Failure
- Insulin Resistance
- Tachycardia
- Lid lag
- Change in LOC (Altered Mental Status)
- High fever
- Treatment
- Propranolol (Or Esmolol)
- PTU (Thionamides) Initially
- Iodine Solution (Lugol Iodine)
- Glucocorticoids
- Cooling Blanket
3 mins
Hyperthyroidism Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- Propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Methimazole (Tapazole)
- Iodine
- Beta Blockers
- Other Therapies
- Radioiodine Ablation
- Thyroidectomy
- Complications
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Post-Surgery Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- Symptoms
- Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
- Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune
- Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
- Anti-Thyroglobulin
- Lab Findings
- Hurthle Cells
- Lymphoid Follicles
- Associations
- HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
- Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2 mins
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
- Pathophysiology
- Rapidly Progressive
- Poor Prognosis
- Hoarseness
- Diagnosis
- Invades Local Structures
- Mixed Morphology
- Risk Factors
- Multinodular Goiter
- Older Age
- History of Thyroid Disease
2 mins
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Most Common Thyroid Cancer
- Excellent Prognosis
- Lymphatic Spread
- Diagnosis
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- Empty Nuclei with Central Clearing
- Psammoma Bodies
- Risk Factors
- Head and Neck Radiation
- RET and BRAF Mutations
- Gardner Syndrome
- Cowden Syndrome
2 mins
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Sporadic and Familial Types
- Arises from Parafollicular C cells
- Produces Calcitonin
- Hypocalcemia
- May Produce ACTH
- Diagnosis
- Sheets of Cells With Amyloid Deposition
- Increased Calcitonin with Pentagastrin Infusion
- Risk Factors
- MEN 2A and 2B
2 mins
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Most Common to Present as Solitary Cold Nodule
- Hematogenous Spread
- Good Prognosis
- Histological findings
- Uniform Follicles
- May Invade Capsule
- Risk factors
- Head and Neck Radiation
1 min
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