Funbi Shared "Step 2 CK" - 533 Picmonics
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Step 2 CK
Bacterial Endocarditis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fever
- New murmur
- Janeway Lesions
- Splinter Hemorrhages
- Roth spots/round white spots on retina
- Osler nodes/tender lesions on finger or toe pads
- Anemia
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
1 min
Coarctation of The Aorta
- Pathophysiology
- Constriction of a Portion of Aorta
- Turner Syndrome
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Hypertension
- BP Higher in Upper Extremities, Right Arm
- CHF
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac Catheterization
- 3 Sign on Chest X-Ray
- Rib Notching
- Treatment
- Surgical Correction
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
- Characteristics
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Loudest at Apex
- Radiates toward Axilla
- Louder by Squatting
- Hand Grip
- Expiration
1 min
Aortic Regurgitation
- Auscultation
- Diastolic Murmur
- Immediate High-pitched
- Blowing Murmur
- Clinical Findings
- Wide Pulse Pressure
- Water Hammer Pulse
- Head Bobbing
- Pulsating Nail Bed
- Considerations
- Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Oligohydramnios
- Decreased Amniotic Fluid
- Etiologies
- Renal Agenesis (Fetal Urinary Tract Abnormalities)
- Uteroplacental Insufficiency
- Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) < 5 cm
- Complications
- Spontaneous Abortion
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia
- Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Delivery (When Viable)
2 mins
Polyhydramnios
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Amniotic Fluid
- Causes
- Duodenal Atresia (or Gastrointestinal Atresias)
- Maternal Diabetes
- Multiple Gestations
- Anencephaly
- Hydrops Fetalis
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) > 25 cm
- Treatment
- Weekly Nonstress Test (NST) and Biophysical Profile (BPP)
- Amnioreduction
- Indomethacin
3 mins
Fetal Macrosomia
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Birth Weight
- > 4500 g
- Causes
- Maternal Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Diagnosis
- Weigh Newborn at Birth
- Ultrasound
- Hadlock's Formula
- Complications
- Birth Canal Trauma
- Neonatal Hypoglycemia
- Shoulder Dystocia
- Treatment
- Planned Cesarean Section
2 mins
Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
- Pathophysiology
- Rupture > 1 Hour Before Labor
- Risk Factors
- Infection
- PROM History
- Incompetent Cervix
- Diagnosis
- Fern Test
- Nitrazine Paper Test
- Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Consider Tocolytics
- Consider Antibiotics
- < 34 Weeks Gestation
- Corticosteroids
- > 34 Weeks Gestation
- Induction of Labor
2 mins
Chorioamnionitis
- Fever
- Maternal or fetal tachycardia
- Leukocytosis
- Foul Odor to Amniotic Fluid
- Treatment: Antibiotics
- Monitor uterine tenderness, contractions and fetal activity
- Monitor maternal vital signs & FHR
2 mins
NSAIDs
- Indications
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Side Effects
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
1 min
Terbutaline (Brethine)
- Mechanism of Action
- Beta-2 Agonists
- Indications
- Asthma
- Tocolytic
- Side Effects
- Tremor
- Tachycardia
- Pulmonary Edema
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperglycemia
2 mins
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
- Pathophysiology
- Slowed Fetal Growth
- Symmetric Type
- Factors Early in Pregnancy
- Genetic (Chromosomal) Abnormalities
- Congenital Infections
- Asymmetric Type
- Preserved Head Circumference
- Factors Late in Pregnancy (2nd / 3rd trimester)
- Placental Insufficiency
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- < 10th Percentile (for SGA)
- Decreased Fundal Height
- Complications
- Increased Perinatal (Fetal) Morbidity and Mortality
2 mins
Dinoprostone and Misoprostol
- Mechanism
- Prostaglandins
- Indications
- Promote Cervical Ripening
- Prevent GI Ulcers
- Medical Abortion
- Side Effects
- Fetal Distress
- Hyperstimulation of Uterus
- Considerations
- Vaginal Insertion
- Give Before Induction of Labor
2 mins
Methylergonovine (Methergine) and Ergotamine (Ergot Alkaloids)
- Mechanism
- Smooth Muscle Contraction
- Vasoconstriction
- Indications
- Migraine
- Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Severe Hypertension
- Tachycardia
- Considerations
- 2nd Line Agent
2 mins
Carboprost (Hemabate)
- Mechanism
- Prostaglandin F2-alpha Analog
- Smooth Muscle Contraction
- Indications
- Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Abortion
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Hypertension
- Fever
- Bronchoconstriction
- Considerations
- Identify Cause of Fever
2 mins
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Uterine Contractions
- Indications
- Labor Induction
- Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Side Effects
- Uterine Rupture
- Water Intoxication
- Contraindications
- Fetal Lung Immaturity
- Cervix Not Ripened
- Active Genital Herpes Infection
- Considerations
- Use Lowest Dose
- IV Pump
3 mins
Magnesium Sulfate
- Mechanism
- Muscle Relaxant
- Indications
- Preterm Labor Contractions
- Preeclampsia
- Side Effects
- Warm Feeling
- Hypotension
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
- Decreased Respiratory Rate
- Decreased Urine Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Antidote
- Calcium Gluconate
2 mins
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Signs and Symptoms
- Lower Abdominal Pain
- Delayed Menses
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
- Shock
- Referred Shoulder Pain
- Cullen Sign
- Considerations
- Methotrexate
- Surgery
- RhoGAM
2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
- Characteristics
- 0-14 Days
- GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
- Follicle Secretes Estrogen
- Negative Feedback from Estrogen
- Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
- FSH and LH Surge
- LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
2 mins
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