Sarah-Chelsea Shared "Clin Med Dermatology" - 27 Picmonics
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Clin Med Dermatology
Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema
Presentation
Pruritic Vesicles
Inflammatory Skin Rash
Cheeks in Children
Skin Flexural Areas
Associated with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Treatment
Tacrolimus
Moisturizers
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Avoid Triggers
Antihistamines
2 mins
Vitiligo
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Destruction of Melanocytes
Presentation
Hypopigmentation
Acral Areas and Around Orifices
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation + Woods Lamp
Risk Factors
Other Autoimmune Diseases
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
Tacrolimus
Phototherapy
2 mins
Psoriasis
Presentation
Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
Defined Red Salmon Plaques
Silvery Scales
Extensor Surfaces
Bleeding when Removed
Auspitz Sign
Pruritus
Nail Changes
Histological Finding
Munro Microabscesses
Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
Treatment
Retinoids
Topical Corticosteroids
Tar
Immunosuppressants
2 mins
Lichen Planus
Pathophysiology
Mucocutaneous Disorder
30-60 year olds
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritic
Plaques or Papules
Purple & Polygonal
Often Mucosal or Genital Involvement
Wickham Striae
Diagnosis
Biopsy
Sawtooth Infiltrate of Lymphocytes
Treatment
Topical Corticosteroids
Considerations
Hepatitis C Association
2 mins
Bullous Pemphigoid
Linear Deposits of IgG
Affects Hemidesmosomes
Epidermal Basement Membrane
Tense Blisters on Skin
Nikolsky Negative
Contain Eosinophils
Rarely Affect Oral Mucosa
2 mins
Rosacea
Characteristics
Episodes Provoked by Alcohol, Heat, or Emotions
Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
Facial Flushing and Telangiectasias
Sun Protection
Topical Brimonidine
Papulopustular Rosacea
Papules and Pustules
Topical Metronidazole
Phymatous Rosacea
Rhinophyma
Laser Ablation
Considerations
Avoid Triggers
2 mins
Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea versicolor)
Mechanism
Lipid-Dependent Fungus
Fatty Acids Damage Melanocytes
Malassezia Furfur
Hot, Humid Weather
Signs and Symptoms
Hypopigmentation
Hyperpigmented Patches
Diagnosis
Spaghetti and Meatball Appearance on KOH Prep
Fragmented Hyphae with Clusters of Yeast
Treatment
Topical or Oral Antifungals
Selenium Sulfide
Zinc
4 mins
Scabies
Pathophysiology
Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritus
Papules with Burrows
Webs of Fingers and Toes
Axilla and Nipples
Diagnosis
Skin Scraping
Dermoscopy
Mites and Eggs on Magnification
Treatment
Permethrin Cream
Oral Ivermectin
Lindane Cream
Considerations
Wash All Linens In Hot Water
3 mins
Verrucae
Warts
Characteristics
Papillary Cauliflower Like Growths
Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus
Epidermal Hyperplasia and Hyperkeratosis
Koilocytes
Management
No Treatment Needed
Topical Salicylic Acid
Cryotherapy
2 mins
Erythema Multiforme
Pathogenesis
Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
HSV
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Drugs
Characteristics
Targetoid Lesions
Symmetrical Distribution
EM Minor: Mild Symptoms
EM Major: Mucosal Involvement
Self-Limiting
2 mins
Actinic Keratosis
Sun Exposure
Papules or Plaques
Small, Rough
Erythematous
Precursor to Squamous Cell Carcinoma
53 secs
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Epidemiology
2nd Most Common Skin Cancer
UV Light Exposure
Long-term Immunosuppression
Arsenic Exposure
Signs/Symptoms
Ulcerative Red Lesion
Precursor Actinic Keratosis
Commonly Lower Lip
Diagnosis
Biopsy shows Keratin Pearls
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
2 mins
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Pathophysiology
Most Common Skin Cancer
2/3 of Cases Due to UV Light Exposure
Pink, Pearl-like Lesions
Rolled Borders
Telangiectasias
Commonly Upper Lip
Diagnosis
Shave Biopsy
Pallisading Nuclei
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
2 mins
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
Mechanism
Associated with Sunlight Exposure
Mutation in B-RAF kinase
Large Number of Moles
Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
Growth Phases
Radial Growth Phase
No Metastasis
Vertical Growth Phase
Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
1 min
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
1 min
Melanoma Diagnosis
Signs
ABCDE Mnemonic
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter > 6mm
Evolution over time
Diagnosis
S-100 Tumor Marker
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Screens for Metastasis
Treatment
Wide Local Excision
Adjuvant Therapy
1 min
Types of Malignant Melanoma
Superficial Spreading
Most Common Cause of Melanoma
Nodular
Aggressive and Rapidly Arising
Acral-Lentiginous
Males
Asians and African Americans
Lentigo Maligna
Geographic Shape
Sun Exposed Areas
2 mins
Acne Vulgaris Presentation and Pathophysiology
Presentation
Papules/Comedones in Mild Cases
Blackheads Open, Whiteheads Closed
Pustules in Mild-Moderate Cases
Nodules/Cysts in Severe Cases
Pathophysiology
Inflammation at Hair Follicle/Sebaceous Gland
Increased Androgens
Colonization by Cutibacterium Acnes
3 mins
Tinea (Dermatophytes): General Characteristics And Management
Fungal Cutaneous Infection
Organisms
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Clinical Features
Pruritic Rash
Segmented Hyphae On KOH
Management
Topical Azole
Terbinafine For Tinea Unguium (Nails)
2 mins
Pressure Ulcers
Risk Factors
Prolonged Immobilization
Neurologic Disease
Decreased Level of Consciousness
Classification
Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema
Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss
Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement
Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement
Management
Wound Care
Surgery
Considerations
Septicemia
Osteomyelitis
Prevention
3 mins
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