Rylie Shared "POM unit 1: Heme" - 30 Picmonics
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POM unit 1: Heme
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Causes
- Malnutrition/Malabsorption
- Hemorrhage
- Signs
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Decreased Heme Synthesis
- Labs
- Decreased Reticulocytes
- Decreased Ferritin
- Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- Poikilocytosis
- Anisocytosis
- Increased Central Pallor
2 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Disease
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanisms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Spectrin/Ankyrin Deficiency
- Spherocyte Formation
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Symptoms
- Bilirubin Gallstones
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
3 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
- Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
- Point Mutation
- Autosomal Recessive
- African American
- Dehydration or Decreased O2
- Newborns Asymptomatic
- Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosis & Treatment
- Labs
- Increased MCHC
- Spherocytes
- Normocytic Anemia
- Diagnosis
- Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA) Binding Test
- Osmotic Fragility Test
- Glycerol Lysis Test
- Treatment
- Folic Acid
- Splenectomy
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Management)
- Long Term Treatment
- Hydroxyurea
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Folate
- Acute Treatment
- Exchange Transfusion
- Prophylaxis
- Penicillin Prophylaxis
1 min
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
- Signs
- Crew-cut on Skull X-ray
- Complications
- Auto-splenectomy
- Painful Crisis
- Aplastic Crisis
- Splenic-sequestration Crisis
- Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome
- Renal Papillary Necrosis
- Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Hyposthenuria
2 mins
Clotting Overview
- Characteristics
- Endothelial Cells are Damaged
- Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
- Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
- More Platelets are Attracted
- Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
- Fibrin Seals the Clot
- Clot Dissolves
- Liver Produces Clotting Factors
2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
- Characteristics
- Plasma
- Electrolytes And Other Solutes
- Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Water
- Formed Elements
- Buffy Coat
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2 mins
Erythropoietin
- Mechanism
- Stimulates RBC Production
- Indications
- Chronic Renal Failure
- Anemia
- Side Effects
- Increased Risk of Thrombosis
- Pelvic and Limb Pain
- Hypertension
- Considerations
- Do Not Shake
- Monitor Hemoglobin (Hgb) Weekly
- May Accelerate Tumor Progression
2 mins
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13
- vWF Multimers are Not Degraded
- Microthrombi (and Emboli)
- Symptoms
- FAT RN Pentad
- Fever
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Renal Dysfunction
- Neurologic Abnormalities (Altered Mental status)
- Treatment
- Plasmapheresis
- Corticosteroids
- Splenectomy
2 mins
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Children
- Pathophysiology
- Preceded by Acute Diarrheal Illness
- Endothelial Damage
- Classic Triad of Symptoms
- Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)
- Thrombocytopenia
- Renal Failure
- Labs
- Helmet cells
- LDH
- Treatment
- Dialysis
- Supportive
2 mins
Hemophilia
- Cause/Mechanism
- Genetic Mutation
- Assessment
- Prolonged Bleeding
- Pain
- Hemarthrosis
- Interventions
- Clotting Factor Replacement Therapy
- DDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate)
- Antifibrinolytic Therapy
- Analgesics
- Considerations
- Genetic Counseling
- Prevent Injury
3 mins
Von Willebrand Disease
- Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF
- Defect in platelet plug formation
- Labs
- Increased Bleeding Time
- PTT increased
- Factor VIII decreased
- Normal platelet count
- Treatment
- DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin)
1 min
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Age > 60 Years
- B Cell Neoplasm
- Smudge Cells
- Often Asymptomatic
- Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Richter's Transformation
3 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Plasma Cell Leukemia
- CD 56 negative
- Poor Prognosis
- Plasma Cells
32 secs
Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
- Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
- High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
- High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
- High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
- Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
- Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
2 mins
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