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Craniopharyngioma
Hypopituitarism
Remnants of Rathke's Pouch
Tooth-enamel Like Calcification
Cholesterol Crystals
Yellow Viscous Fluid
Headache
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
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1 min
Hemangioblastoma
Most Often Cerebellar
Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
Retinal Angiomas
Can Produce EPO
Secondary Polycythemia
Foamy Cells
High Vascularity
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59 secs
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
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2 mins
Ependymoma
Occur in Children
Fourth Ventricle
Hydrocephalus
Perivascular Pseudorosettes
Rod Shaped Blepharoplasts
Cauda Equina in Adults
Poor Prognosis
Neurofibromatosis Type II
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2 mins
Hyper IgM Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Deficient CD40 Ligand on Helper T-cells
Defective CD40 Receptor on B-cells
Inability to Class Switch
Signs and Symptoms
Pyogenic Abscess
Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
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4 mins
Hunter Syndrome
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Iduronate Sulfatase Deficiency
Increased Dermatan Sulfate
Increased Heparan Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
No Corneal Clouding
Aggressive Behavior
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1 min
Hurler Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency
Increased Heparan Sulfate
Increased Dermatan Sulfate
Signs and Symptoms
Hepatosplenomegaly
Developmental Delay
Gargoylism
Corneal Clouding
Airway Obstruction
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2 mins
IL-12 Receptor Deficiency
Pathophysiology
IL-12 Secreted by Macrophages
Decreased Th1 Response
Decreased IFN Gamma
Signs and Symptoms
Mycobacterial Infections
Salmonella
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1 min
McArdles Disease
Pathophysiology
Type V Glycogen Storage Disease
Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Muscle
Painful Muscle Cramps
Myoglobinuria
Normal Lactic Acid
Treatment
Vitamin B6
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2 mins
Oligodendroglioma
Slow growing tumor
Frontal lobe
Chicken Wire Pattern
Fried egg appearance
Calcifications
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32 secs
Medulloblastoma
Pathophysiology
Occurs in Children
Cerebellum
Fourth Ventricle
Diagnosis
Small Blue Cells
Lots of Mitotic Figures
Homer Wright Rosettes
Signs and Symptoms
Hydrocephalus
Ataxia
Wide-based Gait
Treatment
Radiosensitive
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2 mins
Von Gierke Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Type I Glycogen Storage Disease
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Kidneys
Severe Fasting Hypoglycemia
Increased Triglycerides
Increased Uric Acid (Gout)
Increased Lactic Acid
Doll-like Facies
Treatment
Continuous Oral Glucose (or Cornstarch)
Avoid Fructose and Galactose
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2 mins
Fragile X
Pathophysiology
Trinucleotide Repeat
CGG Repeats
FMR1 Gene
X-linked Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Autism
Large Ears
Large Jaw
Long Face
Macroorchidism
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2 mins
Brucella
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Unpasteurized milk
Goat cheese
Inside macrophages
Signs and Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Granulomas
Undulating fever
Treatment
Doxycycline
Gentamicin
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2 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
Thiamine Deficiency
Dry Beriberi
Polyneuritis
Muscle Wasting
Wet Beriberi
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Edema
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51 secs
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
Mechanism
Carboxylation Reaction
Pyruvate Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
Propionyl-CoA Carboxylation to Methylmalonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylation to Malonyl CoA
Deficiency Causes
Antibiotic Use
Ingestion of Raw Eggs
Signs & Symptoms
Alopecia
Dermatitis
Enteritis
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2 mins
Bordetella pertussis
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Bordet-Gengou Agar
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP
Signs AND Symptoms
Lymphocytosis
Increase in Insulin
Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period
Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period
Whooping Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
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4 mins
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Defective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
Blocks B Cell Maturation
Signs & Symptoms
Decreased Immunoglobulins of All Classes
Bacterial Infections After Six Months
Maternal IgG Protects Before Six Months
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2 mins
Borrelia burgdorferi
Characteristics
Lyme Disease
Spirochete
Dark-field Microscopy
Giemsa Stain
Silver Stain
White-footed Mouse
Ixodes Tick
Babesia
Anaplasmosis
Signs & Symptoms
Flu-like Symptoms
Erythema Migrans
Bulls Eye Rash
Bilateral Bell's Palsy
Conduction Defects
Arthropathy
Treatments
Doxycycline
Ceftriaxone
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3 mins
Chlamydia Characteristics
Characteristics
Cannot Make ATP
Elementary body infects
Intraepithelial
Reticulate Body Replicates
Diagnosis
Cell Wall Lacks Muramic Acid
Giemsa Stain
Inclusion Bodies
Treatment
Azithromycin (Preferred)
Doxycycline
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2 mins

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