Amy Shared "Neurology Module I " - 23 Picmonics
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Neurology Module I
Autonomic Nervous System
- Characteristics
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Fight or Flight
- All Preganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
- Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Norepinephrine
- Antagonistic Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Rest and Digest
- Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
2 mins
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Characteristics
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Medulla Oblongata
- Cerebellum
- Pons
- Spinal Cord
- Dorsal Root Ganglia
- Grey Matter
- White Matter
2 mins
Migraine Headaches Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- More Common in Women
- Exacerbated by Activity
- Unilateral Pulsating Pain
- Aura
- Photophobia and Phonophobia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Duration
- 4 hours to 3 Days
1 min
Migraine Headache Treatments
- Acute Treatment
- Avoid Triggers
- Sumatriptan
- NSAIDs
- Preventative Treatment
- Beta Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Amitriptyline
- Topiramate (Anticonvulsants)
1 min
Cluster Headache
- Presentation
- More Common in Men
- Unilateral Periorbital Headache
- Ipsilateral Tearing
- Precipitated by Alcohol
- Stabbing Pain
- Duration
- 15 min - 3 Hours
- Repetitive Attacks in Clusters
- Treatment
- High Flow 100% O2
- Ergots
- Sumatriptan
2 mins
Tension Headache
- Presentation
- More Common in Women
- Bilateral Band-like Pain
- Occipital and Neck region
- Exacerbated by Stress
- Exacerbated by Fatigue
- Duration
- > 30 Minutes
- Acute Treatment
- Relaxation
- Caffeine
- NSAIDs
- Acetaminophen
- Preventative Treatment
- Amitriptyline
1 min
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
- Mechanisms
- Trauma
- Aneurysm Rupture
- AVM Rupture
- Vasospasm causes Ischemia
- Signs & Symptoms
- "Worst Headache Of My Life"
- Diagnosis
- Noncontrast Head CT
- Lumbar Puncture
- Angiography
- Considerations
- Surgery
- Blood Pressure Control
- Intracranial Pressure Control
- Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Assessment
- Progressive Muscle Weakness
- Systemic Muscle Wasting
- Fasciculations
- Spasticity
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Riluzole (Rilutek)
- Stretching
- Little to No Cognitive Decline
- Respiratory Support
- Palliative Care
2 mins
Neisseria Meningitidis
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Diplococci
- Chocolate Agar
- Thayer-Martin Media
- VPN
- Oxidase-Positive
- Maltose Fermentation
- Glucose Fermentation
- Endotoxin
- Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Membrane
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- IgA Protease
- Disease
- Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Petechial Rash
- Treatments
- Ceftriaxone
- Rifampin Prophylaxis
5 mins
Meningitis Assessment
- Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Infants and Young Children
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
2 mins
Common Causes of Meningitis: Children (6 Months - 6 Years)
- Enteroviruses
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
2 mins
Common Causes of Meningitis: Adolescent and Adult (6 - 60 Years Old)
- Enteroviruses
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Neisseria meningitidis (#1 Cause in Teens)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
1 min
Clostridium botulinum
- Characteristics
- Bacillus
- Gram-positive
- Anaerobe
- Spore-forming
- Heat Labile Toxin
- Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
- Canned Food in Adults
- Spores in Honey
- Signs and Symptoms
- Descending Flaccid Paralysis
- Diplopia
- Ptosis
- Floppy Baby
- Constipation
2 mins
Clostridium tetani
- Characteristics
- Gram-Positive
- Bacilli
- Obligate Anaerobic
- Exotoxin
- Spore-Forming
- Renshaw Cells in the Spinal Cord
- Blocks Glycine and GABA Release
- Signs and Symptoms
- Spasms
- Risus Sardonicus
- Lockjaw
- Opisthotonus
3 mins
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
- Cause/Mechanism
- Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Assessment
- Linear, Unilateral Rash Along a Dermatome
- Pruritus
- Postherpetic Neuralgia
- Interventions
- Acyclovir
- Analgesics
- Gabapentin
- Considerations
- Contagious Vesicles
- Shingrix
3 mins
Poliomyelitis
- Characteristics
- Poliovirus
- Picornavirus
- Fecal-Oral Transmission
- Destruction of Anterior Horn
- Clinical Features
- Flaccid Paralysis
- Hyporeflexia
- Fasciculations
- Diagnosis
- Elevated CSF Lymphocytes and Proteins
- Normal CSF Glucose
- Viral Culture or PCR
- Management
- Supportive Care
- Vaccination
3 mins
Taenia Solium
- Pathophysiology
- Cestode (Tapeworm)
- Taeniasis
- Ingestion of Larvae in Undercooked Pork
- Asymptomatic, in Bowels
- Cysticercosis
- Ingestion of Cestode Eggs
- Skin, CNS and Muscles
- Treatment
- Albendazole
- Praziquantel
1 min
Lyme Disease
- Mechanism
- Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
- Joint Pain and Stiffness
- Facial Paralysis
- Considerations
- Antibiotics
- Prevention
2 mins
Delirium
- Mechanism
- Rapid Onset
- Reversible
- Assessment
- Hallucinations
- Decline in Cognition
- Short Attention Span
- Rapid Speech
- Change in Activity Level
- Mood Swings
2 mins
Lewy Body Dementia
- Pathophysiology
- Unknown Etiology
- Decreased Acetylcholine
- Alpha-synuclein Defect
- Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion
- Signs and Symptoms
- Visual Hallucinations
- Progressive Dementia
- Fluctuating Cognition
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
- Parkinsonism
- Treatment
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
3 mins
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