Lauren Shared "Genetics Test 1" - 18 Picmonics
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Genetics Test 1
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
- Mechanism
- Antimetabolite
- "Thymine-less Death"
- Indications
- Slow-growing Solid Tumors
- Co-administered with Leucovorin for Stomach Cancer
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (Topical)
- Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Mucositis
- Severe Diarrhea
3 mins
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Indications
- Solid Tumors
- Lymphomas and Leukemias
- Mechanism
- Free Radical Production
- Intercalates DNA
- Prevents Double Helix from Sealing
- Side Effect
- Cardiotoxicity
- Dexrazoxane Decreases Toxicity
1 min
Chromosome Components
- Characteristics
- DNA
- Histones
- Nucleosomes
- Chromatin
- Chromosome
- Telomere
1 min
Eukaryotic Transcription Regulation
- DNA Silencer Region
- Transcription Factors bind Silencer Region
- Decreased Transcription
- Co-factors can deactivate factors
- Co-factors can activate factors
- DNA Enhancer Region
- Transcription Factors bind Enhancer Region
- Increased Transcription
- Enhancer and Silencer regions can be far from Promoter
2 mins
Nucleus
- Characteristics
- Transcription Factors
- Nucleolus Transcribes rRNA
- DNA
- RNA
- Nuclear Membrane is a Bilayer
- Membrane is Continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Nucleus Surrounded by Cytosol
- Nuclear Pores
2 mins
RNA
- Characteristics
- mRNA
- 3' Poly A Tail
- 5' Cap
- Template For Translation
- rRNA
- Catalyzes Amino Acid Bonds
- Component of Ribosome Enzyme
- tRNA
- Anticodon Region
- 3' Tail Bind To Amino Acid
2 mins
Codon Overview
- Characteristics
- mRNA Read In Three Nucleotide Chunks
- AUG Is Start Codon
- Matching tRNA Anticodon
- Amino Acid Specific (To Codon)
- AUG Codes For Methionine
- UAA, UAG And UGA Are Termination Codons
2 mins
Chromosome and DNA
- DNA is the blueprint for building an organism
- A chromosome is packed with DNA
- Chromosomes exist in pairs
- Humans have 23 chromosome pairs
- Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
1 min
Chromosome Forms
- Characteristics
- Chromatid
- Sister Chromatids
- Homologous Chromosomes
- Tetrad
2 mins
DNA Base Pairing
- Characteristics
- 3' End
- 5' End
- Antiparallel Base Pairing
- Complementary Strands Pair
- Thymine And Adenine Pair
- 2 Hydrogen Bonds
- Adenine and Uracil Pair in RNA
- Guanine And Cytosine Pair
- 3 Hydrogen Bonds
3 mins
DNA Replication
- Characteristics
- DNA Gyrase Uncoils Supercoil
- Helicase Separated DNA Strand
- Single-Strand Binding (SSB) Protein Keeps Strands Separated
- DNA Polymerase Synthesizes New Strand
- 3' To 5' Reading
- Primase Creates RNA Primer
- Telomerase Caps DNA Ends
- DNA Ligase Combines Okazaki Fragments
- Okazaki Fragments On Lagging Strand
4 mins
Translation: Initiation
- Translation: Initiation
- Ribosome Binds mRNA
- Complex Reads 5' to 3'
- AUG Start Codon
- Initiation Complex Forms
- GTP and Initiation Factor Bring Complex Together
- Met-tRNA Binds P Site
- tRNA With Bound Amino Acids Binds A Site
- Amino Acid Chain Created in Elongation
3 mins
Translation: Elongation & Termination
- Translation: Elongation
- Amino Acid Chain Is Created
- New Amino Acid-tRNA Enters A Site
- GTP and Elongation Factors Help tRNA Enter A Site
- Peptide Chain Binds to New Amino Acid
- Peptide Chain-tRNA Moves to P Site
- Free tRNA in P Site Moves to E Site
- Translation: Termination
- Stop Codon at A Site Causes Termination
- Release Factors Help Complex Disassociate
- Complex Falls Apart
3 mins
Transcription Overview
- Initiation
- RNA Polymerase Binds Promoter
- Elongation
- DNA Opens by Helicase
- RNA Polymerase Reads 3' to 5'
- Nucleotides Added to 3' End
- Termination
- Stem Loop Formation
- Rho Protein Factor
3 mins
Eukaryotic Post Transcriptional Modification
- Modifications in Nucleus
- mRNA Splicing
- Introns Cut Out
- Exons spliced together
- Alternate Splicing
- 5' Cap added
- 3' Poly A tail added
- Transported to Cytosol
2 mins
Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Adolescents or young adults
- C-myc gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene
- T 8;14
- Starry sky appearance
- Sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages
- Jaw lesion in endemic (African) form
- Pelvis or abdomen in non endemic form (American form)
- Associated with EBV
2 mins
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
- Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
- Point Mutation
- Autosomal Recessive
- African American
- Dehydration or Decreased O2
- Newborns Asymptomatic
- Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
2 mins
