Marsha Shared "Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas" - 20 Picmonics
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Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
- AST/ALT Ratio
- AST: 8-20 U/L
- ALT: 8-20 U/L
1 min
Appendicitis
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Fecalith leading to obstruction and infection
- Most commonly affects teenagers
- Presentation
- Initial peri-umbilical visceral pain
- Subsequent somatic right lower quadrant pain
- Diagnosis
- Rebound tenderness
- Positive psoas sign
- Pain at McBurney's point
- Leukocytosis
- Fever
- Treatment
- Appendectomy
1 min
Kwashiorkor
- Protein Deficiency
- Swollen Belly
- MEALS
- Malnutrition
- Edema
- Anemia
- Liver Malfunction
- Skin Lesions
2 mins
Hepatitis C
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- RNA Virus
- Flavivirus
- Icosahedral
- SS positive Linear
- Clinical Features
- Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
- Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
- Associated With Type I MPGN
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
2 mins
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Bodily Fluids
- Blood Transmission
- People Who Use IV Drugs
- Incubation
- Variable 1-6 Months
- Assessment
- Fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hepatomegaly
- Chronic Disease
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Considerations
- Vaccination
2 mins
Hepatitis A
- Characteristics
- Picornavirus
- 4 Week Incubation Period
- Fecal-oral
- Day Care Centers
- Travel to Developing Countries
- Signs and Symptoms
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Acute Disease
- Jaundice
- Fever
- Vomiting
2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Disease
- Can turn chronic
- < 10% of adults become chronic carriers
- 90% of newborns become chronic carriers
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Serum sickness like syndrome
2 mins
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Fecal-Oral
- Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
- Incubation
- 4 Weeks
- Assessment
- Fever
- General Malaise
- Hepatomegaly
- Considerations
- Self-Limiting
- Proper Hand Washing
2 mins
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
- Transmission
- Blood Transmission
- High Risk Sex (rare)
- IV Drug Users
- Incubation
- 7 Weeks
- Chronic Disease
- Cirrhosis
- Considerations
- Barrier Protection
2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics
- Hepadnavirus
- Enveloped
- Circular
- Partially Double-stranded DNA
- Has Reverse Transcriptase
- IV Drug Use
- Sex
- Maternal Fetal Routes
- 3 Month Incubation Period
2 mins
Cirrhosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Maintain Nutrition
- Paracentesis
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices
- Drug Therapy
- Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
- Balloon Tamponade
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Lactulose
- Antibiotics
2 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
- Portal Hypertension
- Ascites
- Esophageal Varices
- Coagulation Defects
- Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
- Hepatorenal Syndrome
1 min
Acute Pancreatitis Causes
- "GET SMASHHED" Mnemonic
- Gallstones
- (Ethanol) Alcohol
- Trauma
- Steroids
- Mumps
- Autoimmune
- Scorpion Sting
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypertriglyceridemia > 1000
- ERCP
- Drugs
1 min
Acute Pancreatitis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Heavy Alcohol Use and Gallstones
- Signs and Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/Vomiting/Anorexia
- Abdominal Rigidity/Guarding
- Decreased or Absent Bowel Sounds
- Hypotension and Tachycardia
- Jaundice
- Increased White Blood Cells
2 mins
Cholecystitis Causes
- Gallbladder Inflammation
- 6 Fs
- Female
- Fair (Caucasian)
- Fat (Obese)
- Fertile (Pregnant)
- Forty (Advanced Age Over 40)
- Flatulence
2 mins
Cholecystitis Interventions
- Supportive Therapy
- Antibiotics
- Low Fat Diet
- NG Tube
- Analgesics
- Lithotripsy
- Cholecystectomy
- T Tube
2 mins
Cholecystitis Assessment
- RUQ Pain
- Referred Shoulder Pain
- Clay Colored Stools
- Jaundice
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Fever
- Considerations
- Increased WBCs
- Fatty or Spicy Foods
- Ultrasound
2 mins
Acute Pancreatitis Disease
- Autodigestion of Pancreas by Pancreatic Enzymes
- Symptoms
- Epigastric Abdominal Pain Radiating to Back
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Labs
- Increased Amylase and Lipase
- Complications
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Infection
- Hypocalcemia
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Pancreatic Pseudocyst
- Hemorrhage
3 mins
Acute Pancreatitis Interventions
- NPO with NG Tube to Suction
- Pain Management
- Albumin
- Lactated Ringers Solution
- Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
- Antibiotics
- Surgery
- Nutrition
2 mins
Marasmus
- Deficiency of all Nutrients
- Body Weight < 60% of Normal
- Tissue and Muscle Wasting
- Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
- Variable Edema
2 mins
