Anna Shared "med surg exam 1" - 59 Picmonics
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med surg exam 1
Respiratory Anatomy
- Characteristics
- Nasal Cavity
- Hair Filters
- Mucus Filters and Moistens
- Capillaries Warm
- Pharynx (Throat)
- Larynx (Voice Box)
- Cilia Expel Mucus and Dust
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
2 mins
Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Characteristics
- Pulmonary Artery Blood is O2-Poor, CO2-Rich
- Two-Cell Thick Air-Blood Barrier
- CO2 Diffuses Into Air
- O2 Diffuses Into Blood
- Gases Equilibrate
- Pulmonary Vein is O2-Rich, CO2-Poor
- Thermoregulation
2 mins
Hypoxia (Early Symptoms)
- Diaphoresis
- Restlessness
- Tachypnea
- Dyspnea on Exertion
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Arrhythmias
- Decreased Urine Output
- Unexplained Fatigue
1 min
Hypoxia (Late Symptoms)
- Cyanosis
- Cool, Clammy Skin
- Use of Accessory Muscles
- Retractions
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
2 mins
Oxygen Delivery Methods
- Nasal Cannula
- Simple Face Mask
- Non-Rebreather Mask
- Venturi-Mask
- Safety Precautions
- Oxygen In Use Sign
- No Electrical Sparks
- Six Feet Away from Open Flames
- Nursing Considerations
- Dry Nasal and Upper Airway Mucosa
- Skin Irritation
- Home Education
1 min
Chest Tubes: Management and Care
- Confirm suction order
- Assessment
- Crepitus
- Kinking
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Infection
- Excessive bubbling
- Quick Interventions
- If tube dislodges from patient, use petroleum gauze taped 3 ways
- If drainage system is damaged, place disconnected drainage tube in sterile water
1 min
Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Decreased PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Hyperventilation
- Brainstem Stimulation
- Head Injury
- Shock
- Lightheadedness
- Tingling Lips or Fingers
- Trousseau's
- Chvostek's Sign
- Anxiety
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Mechanically Ventilated Patients
- Decrease Tidal Volume and/or Respiratory Rate
- Give Adequate Pain Control and Sedation
- Hyperventilation Syndrome
- Sedatives
- Antidepressants
- Considerations
- Compensatory Drop in Serum Bicarbonate
- Calming Breathing Exercises
- Correct CO2 Slowly
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Reduced Respirations
- Anxiety
- Change in LOC
- Tachycardia
- Cyanosis
- Increased Electrolytes
- ECG Changes
- Muscle Weakness
- Hyporeflexia
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Interventions
- Improve Respiration
- Pharmacologic Interventions
- Bronchodilators
- Respiratory Stimulants
- Drug Antagonists
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Oxygen
- Assisted Ventilation
- Prevent Complications
1 min
Tracheostomy Care
- Inner Cannula Removed and Cleaned
- Clean Q8 Hours Around Stoma
- One Finger Under Ties
- Considerations
- Speak with Deflated Cuff
- Can Eat with Tube in Place
- Keep Replacement Tube Nearby
- Immediately Replace if Dislodged
- Physician Does First Tube Change
2 mins
Restrictive vs. Obstructive Lung Diseases
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Decreased Lung Volume
- FEV1/FVC Ratio Normal to Increased
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Volume
- Decreased FEV1/FVC Ratio
2 mins
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Causes
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Assessment
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Considerations
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
2 mins
Asthma Assessment
- Assessment
- Triggers (Cold air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Tachypnea and Tachycardia
- Wheezing
- Diaphoresis
- Accessory Muscles
- Decreased Pulmonary Function Tests
2 mins
Asthma Implementation and Education
- Medication
- Oxygen
- Corticosteroids
- Ipratropium (Anticholinergic)
- Albuterol
- Implementation
- Inhaler/nebulizer
- Pulse Oximetry
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Education
- Carry Inhaler
- Rinse Mouth after Inhaler
- Identify Trigger (Cold Air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis Assessment
- Clinical Findings
- Chronic Productive Cough
- > 3 Months for 2 Years
- Increased Mucus Production
- Dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Wheezes
- Complications
- Right Side Heart Failure
- Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
- Peripheral Edema
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis Interventions
- Tripod Position
- Humidified Oxygen
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Increase Fluid Intake
- ABGs
- Early Detection of Exacerbation
- Considerations
- Lowest O2 Therapy
- Assisted Ventilation
- Increased Infection Risk
2 mins
Emphysema
- Mechanism
- Hyperinflation and Loss of Elasticity
- Assessment
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Barrel Chest
- Dyspnea on Exertion
- Clubbing
- Depression and Anxiety
- Thin Appearance
- Nursing Considerations
- CO2 Retention
- Low Concentration of O2
- High Fowler's Position
- High Calorie, High Protein Diet
2 mins
Pneumonia Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Older Adult
- Immunocompromised
- Long Term Care
- Assessment
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Hypoxemia
- Cough and Sputum Production
- Wheezing or Crackles
- Fever
- Pleuritic Pain
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray
2 mins
Pneumonia Intervention
- Interventions
- Humidified Oxygen
- Deep Breathing Exercises
- Position of Comfort
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Manage Fever
- Medications
- Antibiotics
- Mucolytics
- Expectorants
- Considerations
- Pneumococcal Vaccine
- Sepsis
- Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF)
- Prevention Education
2 mins
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