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Matthew Shared "Step biochem" - 50 Picmonics

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Step biochem

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Pathophysiology
DiGeorge Syndrome
22q11 Deletion
Failure to Develop Third and Fourth Pharyngeal Pouches
Signs and Symptoms
Undeveloped Thymus
T Cell Deficiency
Recurrent Viral and Fungal Infections
Undeveloped Parathyroids
Hypocalcemia
Tetany
Aortic Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Diagnosis
Absent Thymic Shadow on CXR
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2 mins
Angelman's Syndrome
Mechanism
Paternal Imprinting
Deletion of Chromosome 15q (Maternal Deletion)
Signs And Symptoms
Happy Puppet Syndrome
Inappropriate Laughter
Ataxia
Severe Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Seizure
Abnormal EEG
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2 mins
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Mechanism
Maternal Imprinting
Deletion of Chromosome 15q (Paternal Deletion)
Signs And Symptoms
Hyperphagia
Truncal Obesity
Hypogonadism
Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism)
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Neonatal Hypotonia (Floppy Baby)
Almond Shaped Eyes
Narrow Bifrontal Diameter
Thin Upper Lip
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3 mins
Cri Du Chat
Pathophysiology
Congenital Deletion of Short Arm of Chromosome 5p
Signs and Symptoms
High Pitched Cry/Mewing
Microcephaly
Hypotonia
Difficulty Sucking and Swallowing
Epicanthal Folds
Widely Spaced Eyes
Wide & Flat Nasal Bridge
High Arched Palate
Intellectual Disability
Cardiac Abnormalities
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3 mins
Williams Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Microdeletion Of Long Arm Of Chromosome 7
Elastin Gene
Signs and Symptoms
Elfin Facies
Intellectual Disability
Extreme Friendliness with Strangers
Well Developed Verbal Skills
Cardiovascular Problems
Hypercalcemia
Increased Sensitivity To Vitamin D
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2 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
Mechanism
X-linked Recessive
Signs and Symptoms
Muscle Weakness
Motor Problems
Gower Sign
Large Calves
Waddling Gait
Loss of Ambulation
Consideration
Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
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2 mins
Marfan Syndrome
Mechanism
Fibrillin-1 Mutation
Symptoms
Autosomal Dominant
Tall
Arachnodactyly
Pectus Excavatum
Hypermobile Joints
Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Subluxation of Lens (Superior)
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2 mins
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Types
Types
Types 1 and 2 - Classical
Type V Collagen Mutation
Joints and Skin
Type 3 - Hypermobility
Most Common
Tenascin X Deficiency
Joint Instability
Type 4 - Vascular
Type III Collagen Mutation
Vascular and Organ Rupture
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2 mins
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Disease
Pathophysiology
Faulty Collagen Synthesis
Autosomal Dominant or Recessive
Various Severities
Signs and Symptoms
Hypermobile Joints
Hyperextensible Skin
Easy Bruising/Bleeding
Berry (Saccular) Aneurysm
Considerations
Brighton Criteria
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2 mins
Myotonic Dystrophy
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CTG
Signs and Symptoms
Facial Muscle Weakness
Frontal Balding
Sustained Grip
Conduction Defects
Cataracts
Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers
Testicular Atrophy
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2 mins
Fragile X
Pathophysiology
Trinucleotide Repeat
CGG Repeats
FMR1 Gene
X-linked Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Autism
Large Ears
Large Jaw
Long Face
Macroorchidism
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2 mins
Friedreich's Ataxia
Trinucleotide Repeat
GAA Repeat
Frataxin
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Autosomal Recessive
Hammertoes
High Arches
Kyphoscoliosis
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Posterior Column
Spinocerebellar Tract
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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1 min
Huntington's Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CAG Repeats
Chromosome 4
Anticipation
Caudate
Decrease of ACh
Decrease of GABA
Signs and Symptoms
Chorea
Dementia
Depression
Glutamate Toxicity
Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
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3 mins
Patau Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 13
Signs and Symptoms
Severe Intellectual Disability
Microcephaly
Holoprosencephaly
Microphthalmia
Polydactyly
Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate
Rocker Bottom Feet
Omphalocele
Cystic Kidneys
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
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2 mins
Edwards Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 18
Signs and Symptoms
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Rocker Bottom Feet
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Clenched Hands
Overlapping Fingers
Low-Set Ears
Micrognathia
Prominent Occiput
Omphalocele
Meckel's Diverticulum
Horseshoe Kidney
Malrotation of Intestines
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3 mins
Down Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 21
Meiotic Nondisjunction
Signs and Symptoms
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Single palmar crease
Flat Facies
Duodenal Atresia
Hirschsprung's Disease
Septum Primum Type ASD
Endocardial Cushion Defects
Prominent Epicanthal Folds
Increased Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Alzheimer's Disease
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3 mins
Essential Fructosuria
Autosomal Recessive
Defect in fructokinase
Fructose to fructose 1-P
Benign
Fructose appears in blood and urine
Fructose does not enter cells
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54 secs
Fructose Intolerance
Pathophysiology
Deficiency of Aldolase B
Fructose 1-P To DHAP And GA
Accumulation Of Fructose-1-Phosphate
Inhibition Of Glycogenolysis
Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis
Clinical Features
Hypoglycemia
Vomiting
Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Autosomal Recessive
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2 mins
Classic Galactosemia
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase is Absent (GALT)
Impaired Galactose-1-P to UDP-Galactose
Galactitol Accumulation in Lens
Signs and Symptoms
Infantile Cataracts
Failure to Thrive
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Intellectual Disability
Increased Risk E. Coli Sepsis
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2 mins
Galactokinase Deficiency
Autosomal Recessive
Galactose to Galactose 1P
Galactose Appears in Blood and Urine
Benign
Infantile Cataracts
Failure to Develop a Social Smile
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2 mins

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