Alec Shared "step" - 364 Picmonics
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Cyclophosphamide
- Mechanism
- Requires Bioactivation by Liver
- Cross-links DNA
- Guanine N7 Position
- Indications
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Solid Tumors
- Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- Prevent with Mesna
3 mins
Schistosoma
- Pathophysiology
- Trematode (Fluke)
- Snail-infested Water
- Intense Immune Response
- Intestinal Disease
- Hepatosplenic Granuloma
- Squamous Cell Cancer of the Bladder
- Diagnosis
- Parasitic Antigens via ELISA
- Treatment
- Praziquantel
2 mins
Aortic Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Age-related Calcifications
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
- Systolic Murmur
- Ejection Murmur
- Ejection Click
- Radiates to Carotids and Apex
- Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
- Syncope
- Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
- Auscultation
- Diastolic Murmur
- Immediate High-pitched
- Blowing Murmur
- Clinical Findings
- Wide Pulse Pressure
- Water Hammer Pulse
- Head Bobbing
- Pulsating Nail Bed
- Considerations
- Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Murmur Follows Opening Snap
- Late Diastolic Murmur
- Enhanced by Expiration
- Low-Pitched Rumbling
- Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
- Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
- Characteristics
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Loudest at Apex
- Radiates toward Axilla
- Louder by Squatting
- Hand Grip
- Expiration
1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs and Symptoms
- Kussmaul respirations
- Dehydration
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/vomiting
- Psychosis
- Fruity breath Odor
1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diagnosis and Labs
- Diagnosis
- Blood glucose Increased > 250 mg/dL
- Anion gap metabolic acidosis
- Decreased pH < 7.3
- Decreased serum bicarbonate < 18
- Plasma ketones
- Other Labs
- Hyperkalemia
1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment
- Initial Management
- IV Normal Saline
- Regular Insulin Drip
- Subsequent Management (correction of electrolytes)
- Potassium (K+)
- Glucose
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Monitoring
- Venous pH
- Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3)
1 min
Diabetic Glomerulonephropathy
- Pathophysiology
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Glomerular Basement Membrane
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Arterioles
- Hyperfiltration
- Increased GFR
- Histological Findings
- Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
- Mesangial Expansion
- Type IV Collagen Deposition
- Kimmelstiel Wilson Lesions
- Presentation
- Nephrotic
2 mins
Addison's Disease
- Mechanism
- Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
- Atrophy
- Destruction
- Symptoms
- Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Increased POMC
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
- Addisonian Crisis
- Diagnosis
- ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
- Treatment
- Exogenous Cortisol
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Hyperventilation
- High Altitude
- Aspirin
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone
- Rib Fracture
- Anxiety
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Mechanically Ventilated Patients
- Decrease Tidal Volume and/or Respiratory Rate
- Give Adequate Pain Control and Sedation
- Hyperventilation Syndrome
- Rebreathing into Paper Bag
- Sedatives
- Antidepressants
- Considerations
- Compensatory Drop in Serum Bicarbonate
- Correct CO2 Slowly
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis
- Hypoventilation
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Barbiturates Depress Central Respiratory Center of Brain
- Opioids Depress Central Respiratory Center of the Brain
- Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Muscle Weakness/Paralysis
3 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Interventions
- Improve Respiration
- Pharmacologic Interventions
- Bronchodilators
- Respiratory Stimulants
- Drug Antagonists
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Oxygen
- Assisted Ventilation
- Prevent Complications
1 min
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diuretic use
- Vomiting
- Antacid
- Hyperaldosteronism
26 secs
Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Stop Potassium (K+) Wasting Diuretics
- Spironolactone
- Acetazolamide
- IV Fluids
- Sodium Chloride
- Replace Potassium (K+)
- Considerations
- Monitor Respiratory Rate
- Monitor Heart Rate
- Seizure Precautions
2 mins
Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- HARD-ASS
- Hyperalimentation
- Addison's Disease
- Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Acetazolamide
- Spironolactone
- Saline Infusion
2 mins
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Anion Gap
- MUDPILES
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid or Iron
- Lactic Acid
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
1 min
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Raise Plasma pH > 7.20
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Considerations
- Follow ABGs
- Continuously Monitor Patient
2 mins
