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Nursing Student Shared "Med-Surg 3 - E4" - 108 Picmonics

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Med-Surg 3 - E4

Oral Cavity
Characteristics
Mouth
Mechanical Digestion
Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
Esophagus
Bolus
Peristalsis
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1 min
GI Absorption
Stomach
Alcohol
Duodenum
Iron
Jejunum
Folate
Terminal Ileum
Vitamin B12
Bile Resorption
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1 min
Stomach Digestion
Characteristics
Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
Protein Breakdown Begins
Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
G Cells Secrete Gastrin
Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
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2 mins
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Mechanism
Vitamin B12
Indications
Vitamin Deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Side Effects
Hypokalemia
Arthralgia
Dizziness
Considerations
IM Injection for Pernicious Anemia
Never Give IV
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2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
Brush border enzymes
Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
Gallbladder Releases Bile
Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
Goblet cells secrete mucus
Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
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2 mins
Small Intestine Absorption
Characteristics
Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
Epithelial Cells
Intestinal Capillaries
Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
Liver
Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
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2 mins
Large Intestine
Characteristics
Colon
Electrolyte Reabsorption
Water Reabsorption
Microflora Produce Vitamins
Rectum Stores Feces
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1 min
Urinary Excretory Anatomy
Characteristics
Renal Medulla
Renal Cortex
Nephron
Bowman's Capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
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2 mins
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
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1 min
Liver Biopsy Procedure
Indications
Diagnosis of Liver Disease
Types of Liver Biopsy
Incisional (Open Method)
Needle Biopsy (Closed Method)
Considerations
Coagulation Status
Type and Crossmatch Blood
Right-Side Lying
Post-Biopsy Monitoring
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2 mins
Bilirubin Lab Value
0.2-1.2 mg/dL
Increased Bilirubin Causes Jaundice
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54 secs
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
AST/ALT Ratio
AST: 8-20 U/L
ALT: 8-20 U/L
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1 min
Religion and Dietary Preferences Overview
Buddhism
Natural Foods of Earth
Hinduism
Cow is Sacred
Islam (Muslim)
Halal Foods
No Alcohol
Judaism
Kosher Meals
No Pork or Shellfish
Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)
The Word of Wisdom
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1 min
Therapeutic Diets
Common Therapeutic Diets
High Fiber
Low Residue (Fiber)
Low Sodium
Low Cholesterol
Diabetic
Renal
Dysphagia
Nursing Considerations
Diet Education
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2 mins
Kwashiorkor
Protein Deficiency
Swollen Belly
MEALS
Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Liver Malfunction
Skin Lesions
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2 mins
Marasmus
Deficiency of all Nutrients
Body Weight < 60% of Normal
Tissue and Muscle Wasting
Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
Variable Edema
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2 mins
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism
Nutrition Given Outside GI
Side Effects
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Refeeding Syndrome
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
Use Large Central Vein
No Added Meds to TPN Line
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2 mins
Anorexia Nervosa Assessment
Adolescent Girls
Fear of Gaining Weight
Assessment
Excessive Dieting
Distorted Body Image
Decreased Bone Density
Stress Fractures
Lanugo
Amenorrhea
Anemia
Diagnostic Criteria
BMI < 18.5
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3 mins
Bulimia Nervosa Assessment
Assessment
Normal Body Weight
Binge and Purge
Electrolyte Disturbances
Alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Parotitis
Enamel Erosion
Russell's Sign
Diagnosis
Once Weekly For 3 Months
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2 mins
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Interventions
Interventions
Build Trust
Plan Caloric Intake
Supervise Meals
Supervise Elimination
Encourage Liquids
Daily Weights
Use Matter-of-Fact Statements
Give Feelings of Control
Considerations
Tube Feedings If Further Weight Loss
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2 mins

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