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Monic Shared "exam 4" - 40 Picmonics

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exam 4

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
Pathophysiology
Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Signs and Symptoms
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Belching
Nighttime Coughing
Dysphagia
Epigastric Pain
Regurgitation
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Globus
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2 mins
Dysphagia
Etiology
Neurological Disorders
Muscular Disorders
Structural Abnormalities
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inflammatory Conditions
Signs & Symptoms
Difficulty Swallowing
Choking or Coughing
Regurgitation
Diagnosis
Clinical History and Physical Examination
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow Study - MBSS)
Interventions
Treat Underlying Cause
Therapy
Dietary Modifications
Medications
Surgery
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3 mins
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
Mechanical
Adhesions
Hernia
Volvulus
Intussusception
Tumor
Non-Mechanical
Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
Spinal Injury
Paralytic Ileus
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2 mins
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
"-prazole" Suffix
Indications
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Mechanism
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
Side Effects
Hip Fracture
Pneumonia
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2 mins
Ondansetron
Indications
Postoperative Vomiting
Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
Mechanism
5-HT3 Serotonergic Antagonist
Centrally-acting Antiemetic
Side Effects
Headache
Constipation
QT Prolongation
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1 min
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
"-prazole" Suffix
Indications
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Mechanism
Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
Side Effects
Hip fracture
Pneumonia
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2 mins
Food Allergies and Restrictions
Gluten-Free
Lactose-Free
Plant-Based
Diabetic and Sugar-Free
Nut Allergy
Soy Allergy
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4 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
More Common in Elderly
Most Common in Females and Babies
Change in LOC
Dehydration
Fever
Urgency
Urethral Infection
Burning
Smelly Urine
Dark Cloudy Urine
Frequency of Urination
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2 mins
Pyelonephritis Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Ascending Urethral Bacteria
Assessment
Dysuria
Fever
Fatigue
Flank Pain
Costovertebral Tenderness
Nausea and Vomiting
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1 min
Pyelonephritis Interventions
Urinalysis
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Increase Fluid Intake
Avoid Catheterization
Consideration
Urosepsis
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1 min
Erythropoietin
Mechanism
Stimulates RBC Production
Indications
Chronic Renal Failure
Anemia
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
Pelvic and Limb Pain
Hypertension
Considerations
Do Not Shake
Monitor Hemoglobin (Hgb) Weekly
May Accelerate Tumor Progression
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2 mins
Insulin
Rapid Acting
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
Short Acting
Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
Intermediate Acting
Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
Long Acting
Detemir (Levemir)
Glargine (Lantus)
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2 mins
Needle Sizes and Uses
Adjust Size Based on Height/Weight
Subcutaneous Injections
3/8 or 5/8 inch
Intramuscular (IM)
1-1.5 inches
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1 min
Intramuscular Medication (IM) Administration
Risks
Injury to Nerves, Bone, and Blood Vessels
Sites
Deltoid
Vastus Lateralis
Ventrogluteal
Nursing Considerations
Selection of Needle Length
Aseptic Technique for Drawing Up
Z-Track
90 Degree Angle
Max Amount (2-5 mL Adult, 1 mL Child)
Techniques to Reduce Pain
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2 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
Prevention
Shower after Sex
Urinate after Sex
Wipe front to Back
Treatments and Considerations
I and Os with Daily Weights
Increase Water Intake
Antibiotics
Avoid Caffeine
Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
Void every 2 - 4 hours
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2 mins
Urge Incontinence
Symptoms
Strong Urge To Void
Unable To Void Quickly Enough
Nocturia
Increased Frequency
Small Volume Voids
Pathophysiology
Increased Detrusor Muscle Activity
Treatment
Avoid Caffeine & Alcohol
Anticholinergics
Mirabegron
Botox
Sacral Neuromodulation
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2 mins
Functional Incontinence
Symptoms
Increased Urinary Volume
Unable to Timely Urinate
Pathophysiology
Dementia
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Immobility
Treatment
Scheduled Voiding
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1 min
Overflow Incontinence
Symptoms
Increased Residual Urine Volume
Involuntary Urine Dribble
Urinary Frequency
Pathophysiology
Nerve Lesions Cause Bladder Atony
Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Weak Detrusor Muscles
Treatment
Bethanechol
Catheterization
Sacral Neuromodulation
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2 mins
Stress Incontinence
Symptoms
Urine Leak with Movement
Cough or Sneeze
Increased Intra-abdominal pressure
Pathophysiology
Laxity of Pelvic Floor Muscles
Urethral Sphincter Insufficiency
Treatment
Kegel Exercises
Pessaries
Alpha-adrenergic Agonists
Surgery
Associations
History of Vaginal Birth
Cystocele
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2 mins
Nephrotic Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms
Massive Proteinuria > 3.5g per Day
Edema
Increased risk of infection
Thromboembolism
Hyperlipidemia
Fatty casts
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1 min

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