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peds review 203
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
Moves Both Arms and Both Legs
Fine Motor
Opens Hands Briefly
Tracks Objects to the Midline
Language/Communication
Produces Sounds Aside from Crying
Reacts to Loud Noise
Social / Cognitive
Social Smile
Recognizes Parents
Soothed When Spoken to or Picked Up
2 mins
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Keeps Head Steady Without Support
Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy
Fine Motor
Holds a Toy in Hands
Moves Hands Towards Mouth
Language/Communication
Cooing
Turns to Voice
Social / Cognitive
Chuckles
Enjoys Looking Around
Looks at Hands With Interest
Opens Mouth When Hungry
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Propped Up On Hands
Rolls
Fine Motor
Raking Grasp
Language/Communication
Makes Squealing Noises
Blows "Raspberries"
Turn-Taking in Sounds
Social / Cognitive
Laughs
Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror
Recognizes Familiar People
Closes Lips to Signal Fullness
Puts Objects in Mouth
Reaches for Desired Toys
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Up Independently
Fine Motor
Transfers Objects Between Hands
Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self
Language/Communication
Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"
Raises Arms to be Lifted Up
Social / Cognitive
Separation Anxiety
Shows Facial Expressions
Looks When Calling Name
Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo
Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight
Bangs Two Items Together
2 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Pulls Up to Stand
First Steps
Fine Motor
Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance
Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
Language/Communication
Understands “No”
Waves "Bye-Bye"
"Mama & Dada"
Social / Cognitive
Plays Pat-A-Cake
Puts Block in Cup
Searches for Hidden Toys
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Walks Independently
Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help
Fine Motor
Drinks from Open Cup Independently
Scribbles
Eats with Fingers
Tries to Use a Spoon
Stacks Three Blocks
Language/Communication
Attempts Three-word Phrases
Follows One-step Commands
Social / Cognitive
Checks While Moving Away
Points to Objects
Engages With Toys Simply
Copies Parent Doing Chores
Extends Hands for Washing
2 mins
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Kicks a Ball
Runs
Walks Up Stairs With Help
Fine Motor
Stacks Six Blocks
Feeds Self With a Spoon
Language / Communication
Two-Word Phrases
Points to Book Items as Prompted
Demonstrates Varied Gestures
Identifies Body Parts When Prompted
Social / Cognitive
Shows Empathy
Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously
Engages With Multiple Toys
2 mins
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Starts Dressing Independently
Rides Tricycle
Fine Motor
Stack Nine Block Tower
Threads Items Together
Copies Circle
Uses Fork
Language / Communication
Engages in Two-way Conversation
75% Speech Understood by Stranger
Says First Name
Social / Cognitive
Avoids Hot Objects When Warned
Joins Other Kids in Play
2 mins
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Unbuttons Some Buttons
Catches a Large Ball
Serves Food or Pours Water With Help
Fine Motor
Copies Line, Circle, Stick Figure
Language / Communication
100% Speech Understandable
Identifies Colors
Social/ Cognitive
Cooperative Play
Imaginary Friends
Likes Being a “Helper”
Avoids Danger
2 mins
Age 5 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Buttons Some Buttons
Hops on One Foot
Fine Motor
Prints Letters
Language / Communication
Counts to 10
Uses Simple Rhymes
>3 Back-and-forth Exchanges
Answers Simple Questions
Tells a Story
Social / Cognitive
Names Some Letters When Pointed
Follows Rules
Sings, Dances, Acts
Does Simple Chores
2 mins
Spina Bifida Assessment
Cause
Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
Assessment
Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
Lumbar Sac
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis
Considerations
Identify Type
2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
Surgery
Prone Position
Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
Measure Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Considerations
Other Congenital Malformations Common
Bowel Control
Neurogenic Bladder
2 mins
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Cause
Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorder
Enzyme Deficiency
Assessment
Failure to Thrive
Irritability
Musty or Mousy Odor
Cognitive Impairment
Interventions
Low Phenylalanine Diet
Low Protein Foods (Diet)
Avoid Aspartame
Sapropterin (Kuvan)
Considerations
Guthrie Blood Test
2 mins
Tonsillectomy
Indications
Recurrent Tonsillitis
Considerations
Saline Gargles
Ice Chips
Monitor for Bleeding
Within 24 Hours
After 5-7 days
Soft Foods
Do Not Cough, Clear Throat, or Blow Nose
Do Not Use Straws
2 mins
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mechanism
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Signs and Symptoms
Red Maculopapular Rash
Vesicles Ooze and Crust
Pruritus
Centripetal
Considerations
Varicella Immunization
Skin Care to Minimize Itching
Isolate until Vesicles Crust
2 mins
Epiglottitis Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Haemophilus Influenzae
Assessment
Drooling
Fever
Stridor
Restlessness
Dyspnea
Cough
Tripod Position
Considerations
Emergency Treatment
Do Not Examine Throat
2 mins
Epiglottitis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Airway
Upright/Sitting Position
Humidified Oxygen
Intubation/Tracheostomy Supplies At Bedside
IV Antibiotics
Decrease Anxiety
Considerations
NPO
Vaccine
Restrain to Prevent Extubation
2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
Ear Pain
Pulling at Ear
Fever
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
More Common in Young Children
Eustachian Tube Narrower
Conductive Hearing Loss
Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Tonsillitis
Cause
Bacterial or Viral Inflammation
Assessment
Sore Throat
Dysphagia
Interventions
Throat Culture
Antibiotics
Tonsillectomy
Considerations
Often Streptococcus
Monitor for Acute Glomerulonephritis
Monitor for Rheumatic Heart Disease
3 mins
Kawasaki Disease
Cause
Acute Vasculitis
Assessment
Acute Phase
High Fever
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
Erythema and Edema of Hands and Feet
Subacute Phase
Desquamative Skin Rash
Interventions
Aspirin
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Antipyretics
Considerations
Coronary Aneurysm
Children < 5 Years old
2 mins
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