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Rachel Shared "immune system " - 35 Picmonics

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immune system

Lymphatics
Characteristics
Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
Unidirectional Valves
Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
Merge with Veins
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2 mins
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
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1 min
Innate Immunity Barriers
Skin Protects Against Pathogens
Normal Flora Outcompete Pathogens
Lysozyme in Saliva, Tears, and Mucus
Mucous Traps Pathogens
Cilia Remove Mucus
Acid and Digestive Enzymes in the Stomach Kill Pathogens
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2 mins
Cell Surface Proteins - B Cells
Ig
CD19
CD20
CD21
CD40
MHC II
B7
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
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1 min
Anaphylaxis Intervention
Intervention
Assess Airway and Oxygen Needs
Reassure Patient with Anxiety
Supine Position
Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Medical Alert Bracelet
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2 mins
First Generation Antihistamines
Mechanism of Action
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Allergies
Nausea and Vomiting
Motion Sickness
Anaphylaxis
Drug Names
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Chlorpheniramine
Side Effects
Sedation
Anticholinergic Effects
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2 mins
Second Generation Antihistamines
Indications
Allergies
Mechanism of Action
Lipophobic
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Drugs
Azelastine + Fluticasone (Dymista)
Intranasal Spray
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Loratadine (Claritin)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Considerations
Fewer Anticholinergic Effects
Fewer CNS Effects
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2 mins
Live Attenuated Vaccines
Characteristics
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response
May Revert to Virulent Form
Do Not Require Boosters
Vaccines
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Zoster (Shingles)
Polio (Sabin)
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Influenza (Intranasal)
MMR
Rotavirus
Typhoid Fever (Oral)
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)
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4 mins
Toxoid Vaccines
Consist of Toxins Released From a Pathogen
May Require Boosters
Safe In Immunocompromised Patients
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Vaccine
Tetanus Vaccine
Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine
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2 mins
Killed (Inactivated) Whole Vaccines
Characteristics
Require Booster Shots
Vaccines
Mostly Humoral Immune Response
Polio (Salk)
Rabies
Cholera
Hepatitis A
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54 secs
Killed (Inactivated) Fractional Protein Vaccines
Subunit Vaccines
Subunit
Influenza (Intramuscular)
Bordetella Pertussis
Hepatitis B
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Toxoid Vaccines
Toxoid
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Considerations
DTaP and Tdap
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3 mins
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
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2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
Characteristics
Plasma
Electrolytes And Other Solutes
Proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
Water
Formed Elements
Buffy Coat
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
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2 mins
Types of Blood Products
Types
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Immunoglobulins
Clotting Factors
Albumin
Platelets
Considerations
Use within 24 Hours
Washing Removes Antibodies
Irradiation Destroys WBCs
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2 mins
Clotting Overview
Characteristics
Endothelial Cells are Damaged
Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
More Platelets are Attracted
Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
Fibrin Seals the Clot
Clot Dissolves
Liver Produces Clotting Factors
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2 mins
Coagulation Cascade Overview
Secondary Hemostasis
Intrinsic Pathway
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Heparin
Extrinsic Pathway
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Warfarin
Common Pathway
Thrombin
Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
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2 mins

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