Mike Shared "Chap 12 Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes" - 44 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
Chap 12 Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
- Characteristics
- Adrenal Cortex
- RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
- CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
- Cortisol Released
- Androgens Released
- Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
- Characteristics
- Adrenal Cortex
- Zona Glomerulosa
- Aldosterone
- Zona Fasciculata
- Cortisol
- Zona Reticularis
- Androgens
- Adrenal Medulla
- Chromaffin Cells
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Thyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
- Metabolism Regulation
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Calcitonin Release
- Blood Calcium Decreases
- Bone Building
2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Bone Resorption
- Blood Calcium Increases
- Vitamin D Activation
- Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
1 min
Cushing's Syndrome Characteristics
- More Common in Women
- Exogenous Etiologies
- Glucocorticoids
- Endogenous Etiologies
- Decreased ACTH
- Primary Adrenal Disease
- Increased ACTH
- Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing's Disease)
- Paraneoplastic: Small Cell Carcinoma
- CRF-releasing Tumors
2 mins
Cushing's Syndrome Symptoms And Diagnosis
- Symptoms/Findings
- Osteoporosis
- Amenorrhea
- Truncal Obesity
- Skin Changes
- Buffalo Hump
- Immune Suppression
- Moon Facies
- Hypertension
- Decreased Insulin Sensitivity
- Diagnosis
- 24-hour urine free Cortisol
- Dexamethasone Suppression Test
2 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
- Mechanism
- Glucocorticoid
- Indications
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Organ Transplant Rejection
- Side Effects
- Cataracts and Glaucoma
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Osteoporosis
- Immunosuppression
- Hyperglycemia
- Ulcers
- Considerations
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Taper Gradually
2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
- Characteristics
- 0-14 Days
- GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
- Follicle Secretes Estrogen
- Negative Feedback from Estrogen
- Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
- FSH and LH Surge
- LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
- Days 15-28
- Corpus Luteum
- Secretes Progesterone
- Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
- No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
- Stops Estrogen Secretion
- Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
- GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
2 mins
Menopause Lab Findings
- Decreased Estrogen
- Lack of Negative Feedback
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Increased GnRH
- Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
- Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
1 min
Menopause Symptoms
- Symptoms
- HAVOCS Mnemonic
- Hot Flashes
- Atrophy of Vagina
- Osteoporosis
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Sleep disturbances
50 secs
Tamoxifen
- Mechanism of Action
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
- Antagonist on Breast Tissue
- Indications
- ER-positive Breast Cancer
- Side Effects
- Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
- Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
1 min
Leuprolide
- Mechanism
- GnRH Agonist (Pulsatile Use)
- GnRH Antagonist (Continuous Use)
- Upregulates FSH And LH
- Downregulates FSH And LH
- Indications Pulsatile
- Infertility
- Indications Continuous
- Prostate Cancer
- Precocious Puberty
- Uterine Fibroids
- Endometriosis
- Side Effects
- Anti-androgenic Effects
2 mins
Diabetes Assessment
- Assessment Type 1
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Assessment Type 2
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Complications
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
2 mins
Diabetes Education
- Self-Monitoring (Blood Glucose)
- SubQ Injection Technique
- Lifestyle Changes
- Symptoms of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
- Sick Day Care
- Foot Care
- Exercise Therapy
- Medication
1 min
Hypoglycemia Assessment
- Mechanism
- Too much insulin
- Decreased glucose
- Assessment
- < 70 mg/dL
- Change in LOC
- Lethargic
- Confusion and Irritability
- Tremors
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Vision Changes
- Weakness
- Seizures
2 mins
Hyperglycemia
- Mechanism
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
1 min
Metformin
- Indications
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Mechanism of Action
- Decreased Gluconeogenesis
- Increased Insulin Sensitivity
- Side Effects
- Lactic Acidosis
- GI Distress
- Weight Loss
- B12 Deficiency
- Contraindication
- GFR < 30 ml/min
2 mins
Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide (Orinase) (1st Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 1st Generation Sulfonylureas
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Possible Cardiovascular Toxicity
- Weight Gain
- Considerations
- Exacerbated Hypoglycemia with Beta-blockers
- Avoid During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding
- Avoid Alcohol
2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
- Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- More Potent
- Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
- Avoid Alcohol
- Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Ace Your Physician Assistant (PA) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:
Over 2,040,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.
Choose the #1 Physician Assistant (PA) student study app.
Picmonic for Physician Assistant (PA) covers information that is relevant to your entire Physician Assistant (PA) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the PANCE® or PANRE®, we’re here to help.
Works better than traditional Physician Assistant (PA) flashcards.
Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.