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NUR 340 Exam 4
Transfusion Reactions
Acute Hemolytic
Febrile, Non-Hemolytic
Mild Allergic
Anaphylactic
Circulatory Overload
Sepsis Reaction
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Massive Blood Transfusion
2 mins
Types of Blood Products
Types
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Immunoglobulins
Clotting Factors
Albumin
Platelets
Considerations
Use within 24 Hours
Washing Removes Antibodies
Irradiation Destroys WBCs
2 mins
Types of Shock
Hypovolemic
Depleted Volume
Cardiogenic
Pump Failure
Obstructive
Indirect Pump Failure
Distributive
Lost Vascular Tone
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
2 mins
Care for the Visually Impaired
Assessment
Decreased Visual Acuity
Snellen Chart
Status of Corrective Lenses
Nursing Considerations
Sighted-Guide Technique
Communication
Safe Environment
Medications
Clock Technique for Food
Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
1 min
Eye Medication Administration
Procedure
Supine with Neck Hyperextended
Wash Away Crusts
Cotton Ball on Cheekbone
For Ophthalmic Drops
Instill Drops into Conjunctival Sac
Repeat if Missed or Patient Blinks
5 Minutes Before 2nd Medication
For Ophthalmic Ointment
Thin Stream Along Inner Edge
Inner Canthus to Outer Canthus
2 mins
Cataract
Mechanism
Age-related
Assessment
No Pain
Cloudy Opaque Lens
Decreased Visual Acuity
Occurs Gradually
Treatment
Surgery
1 min
Eye
Characteristics
Sclera
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Ciliary Muscles
Optic Nerve
Rods
Cones
Retina
1 min
Anticholinergics
B.O.AT.S Acronym
Benztropine
Parkinson's Disease
Oxybutynin
Decrease bladder spasms
Atropine
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
Scopolamine
Motion Sickness
1 min
Metabolic Syndrome
Assessment
Dyslipidemia
Central Obesity
Insulin Resistance
Hypertension
Increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Increased Fibrinogen
Considerations
Increased Risk Cardiovascular Disease
1 min
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Mechanism
Vitamin B12
Indications
Vitamin Deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Side Effects
Hypokalemia
Arthralgia
Dizziness
Considerations
IM Injection for Pernicious Anemia
Never Give IV
2 mins
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)
Mechanism
Ferrous Salts
Indications
Anemia
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nausea and Vomiting
Dark Stools
Considerations
Take Between Meals
Liquid can Stain Teeth
Keep out of Reach from Children
Caution with GI Disorders
Avoid Antacids
3 mins
Iron Antidote
Antidote
DeFEroxamine
23 secs
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Mechanism
Maintains Mucous Membranes
Eyes and Skin
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Skin Disorders
Side Effects
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
Increased ICP
Vomiting
Considerations
Teratogen
Animal Food Products
Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables
2 mins
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Mechanism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Considerations
Alcoholics Highest Risk
Give Before Glucose
Give IM or IV
Enriched Whole Grains
Pork
2 mins
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Mechanism
Decreases Triglycerides
Decreases LDL
Increases HDL
Indications
Dyslipidemia
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Side Effects
Flushing
GI Distress
Hepatotoxicity
2 mins
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Mechanism
Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
Heme Synthesis
Neurotransmitters
Indications
Adjunct to Isoniazid
Dietary Deficiency
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Side Effects
Ataxia
Peripheral Neuropathy
Contraindications
Levodopa
Considerations
Cereals and Meats
3 mins
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Collagen Formation
Steroid Synthesis
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Scurvy
Side Effects
GI Distress
Considerations
Citrus Fruits
May Improve Healing
2 mins
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Indications
Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
Alpha-TTP Deficiency
Side Effects
Bleeding
Considerations
Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
Nuts and Whole Grains
Vegetable Oils
2 mins
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
Mechanism
Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
Indications
Hypoprothrombinemia
Newborn Prophylaxis
Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
Side Effects
Shock
Kernicterus
Cardiac Arrest
Considerations
Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
Increased Risks with IV Administration
2 mins
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism
Nutrition Given Outside GI
Side Effects
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Refeeding Syndrome
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
Use Large Central Vein
No Added Meds to TPN Line
2 mins
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