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Kolten Shared "NEURO Midterm 1" - 28 Picmonics

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NEURO Midterm 1

Neural Crest Derivatives
CA MOTEL ASS
Craniofacial Structures (skull)
Arachnoid and Pia Mater
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Tracheal Cartilage
Enterochromaffin (Adrenal Medulla)
Laryngeal Cartilage
All Ganglia
Schwann Cells
Spiral Septum (Aorticopulmonary Septum)
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2 mins
Cerebellum Anatomy
Functions
Movement and Coordination
Balance
Muscle Tone
Deep Nuclei
Dentate Nucleus
Emboliform Nucleus
Globose Nucleus
Fastigial Nucleus
Cerebellar Peduncles
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Blood Supply
Superior Cerebellar Artery
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
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3 mins
Spinothalamic Tracts
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Lateral
Temperature
Pain
Anterior
Crude Touch
Pressure
Decussates at Anterior White Commisure
Lesion
Contralateral Anesthesia
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2 mins
Posterior Column (Dorsal Column)
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Sensations
Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration Sensation
Anatomy
Dorsal Root
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Arms
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lower Limbs
Lesions
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis
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2 mins
Circle of Willis
Characteristics
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) Supply Occipital Cortex
Basilar Artery Supplies Medulla, Pons, and PCA
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3 mins
Motor Neuron Signs UMN and LMN
Upper Motor Neuron (Increases)
Increased DTRs
Positive Babinski
Spastic Paralysis
Clasp-Knife Reaction
Lower Motor Neuron (Decreases)
Decreased DTRs
Negative Babinski
Flaccid Paralysis
Muscle Atrophy
Fasciculations
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2 mins
Rett Syndrome
Pathogenesis
Sporadic Neurological Disorder
De Novo Mutation of MECP2 on X Chromosome
RISK FACTORS & SYMPTOMS
Seen Almost Exclusively In Girls
Affected Males Die in Utero or Shortly After Birth
Symptoms Usually Appear Between Ages 1-4
Developmental Regression
Motor Impairment
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Loss of Verbal Abilities
Seizure
Stereotyped Hand Wringing
Decelerated Head Growth (Microcephaly)
Breathing Problems
Ataxia
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5 mins
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Characteristics
Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia
Cystic Enlargement of 4th Ventricle
Associations
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
Spina Bifida
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1 min
Syringomyelia
Characteristics
Cystic Cavity in Central Canal
Chiari Malformations
Trauma
Clinical Features
Cape-like Symptoms
Loss of Pain Sensation
Loss of Temperature
Muscle Weakness
Horner Syndrome
Diagnosis
MRI
Management
Supportive Care
Surgery
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2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Main TBI Lesions
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
Intraventricular Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
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3 mins
Types of Strokes
Warning Signs
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
Types
Ischemic
Thrombotic
Atherosclerosis
Embolic
Atrial Fibrillation
Hemorrhagic
Severe Hypertension
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3 mins
Middle Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis upper limb and face
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
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1 min
Left Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Side to Side Discrimination
Aphasia
Agraphia
Slow Performance
Aware of Deficits
Anxiety
Depression
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2 mins
Right Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Poor Proprioception
Disoriented to Person, Place, Time
Can't Recognize Faces (Prosopagnosia)
Loss of Judgement and Awareness
Impulsiveness
Personality Changes
Tonal Hearing Loss
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2 mins
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
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1 min
Basilar Artery Stroke Assessment
Characteristics
Brainstem Structures
Lateral Corticospinal and Corticobulbar Tracts
Clinical Findings
Locked-in Syndrome
Motor Dysfunction
Preserved Vertical Eye Movements
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2 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
LOC Assessment
Score of 3 to 15
8 or Less = Coma
Eye Opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response
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1 min
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Stroke Assessment
Characteristics
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
Lateral Pontine Syndrome
Ipsilateral Clinical Findings
Decreased Facial Pain and Temperature Sensation
Facial Muscle Weakness
Decreased Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Deceased Salivation and Lacrimation
Nystagmus and Hearing Loss
Horner Syndrome
Ataxia
Contralateral Clinical Findings
Decreased Body Pain and Temperature Sensation
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3 mins
Histologic Evolution of Ischemic Stroke
> 5 Minutes
Irreversible Neuronal Injury
12-24 hours
Red Neurons
1-3 days
Liquefactive Necrosis (Neutrophils)
3–5 Days
Microglia
1-2 Weeks
Reactive Gliosis (Astrocytes)
Vascular Proliferation
> 2 weeks
Glial Scar
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2 mins
Gerstmann Syndrome
MCA Stroke
Angular Gyrus
Parietal Lobe
Dominant Hemisphere
Integration of Visual, Acoustic, and Sensory Information
Components of Gerstmann Syndrome
Left-Right Disorientation
Finger Agnosia
Agraphia
Acalculia
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2 mins

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