Kolten Shared "NEURO Midterm 1" - 28 Picmonics
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NEURO Midterm 1
Neural Crest Derivatives
- CA MOTEL ASS
- Craniofacial Structures (skull)
- Arachnoid and Pia Mater
- Melanocytes
- Odontoblasts
- Tracheal Cartilage
- Enterochromaffin (Adrenal Medulla)
- Laryngeal Cartilage
- All Ganglia
- Schwann Cells
- Spiral Septum (Aorticopulmonary Septum)
2 mins
Cerebellum Anatomy
- Functions
- Movement and Coordination
- Balance
- Muscle Tone
- Deep Nuclei
- Dentate Nucleus
- Emboliform Nucleus
- Globose Nucleus
- Fastigial Nucleus
- Cerebellar Peduncles
- Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
- Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Blood Supply
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
3 mins
Spinothalamic Tracts
- Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
- Lateral
- Temperature
- Pain
- Anterior
- Crude Touch
- Pressure
- Decussates at Anterior White Commisure
- Lesion
- Contralateral Anesthesia
2 mins
Posterior Column (Dorsal Column)
- Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
- Sensations
- Proprioception
- Fine Touch
- Pressure
- Vibration Sensation
- Anatomy
- Dorsal Root
- Fasciculus Cuneatus
- Arms
- Fasciculus Gracilis
- Lower Limbs
- Lesions
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- Tabes Dorsalis
2 mins
Circle of Willis
- Characteristics
- Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
- Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
- Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
- Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
- Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
- Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) Supply Occipital Cortex
- Basilar Artery Supplies Medulla, Pons, and PCA
3 mins
Motor Neuron Signs UMN and LMN
- Upper Motor Neuron (Increases)
- Increased DTRs
- Positive Babinski
- Spastic Paralysis
- Clasp-Knife Reaction
- Lower Motor Neuron (Decreases)
- Decreased DTRs
- Negative Babinski
- Flaccid Paralysis
- Muscle Atrophy
- Fasciculations
2 mins
Rett Syndrome
- Pathogenesis
- Sporadic Neurological Disorder
- De Novo Mutation of MECP2 on X Chromosome
- RISK FACTORS & SYMPTOMS
- Seen Almost Exclusively In Girls
- Affected Males Die in Utero or Shortly After Birth
- Symptoms Usually Appear Between Ages 1-4
- Developmental Regression
- Motor Impairment
- Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
- Loss of Verbal Abilities
- Seizure
- Stereotyped Hand Wringing
- Decelerated Head Growth (Microcephaly)
- Breathing Problems
- Ataxia
5 mins
Dandy-Walker Malformation
- Characteristics
- Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia
- Cystic Enlargement of 4th Ventricle
- Associations
- Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
- Spina Bifida
1 min
Syringomyelia
- Characteristics
- Cystic Cavity in Central Canal
- Chiari Malformations
- Trauma
- Clinical Features
- Cape-like Symptoms
- Loss of Pain Sensation
- Loss of Temperature
- Muscle Weakness
- Horner Syndrome
- Diagnosis
- MRI
- Management
- Supportive Care
- Surgery
2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Main TBI Lesions
- Epidural Hematoma
- Subdural Hematoma
- Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
- Intraventricular Hematoma
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
3 mins
Types of Strokes
- Warning Signs
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
- Types
- Ischemic
- Thrombotic
- Atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Hemorrhagic
- Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Middle Cerebral Artery
- Contralateral paralysis upper limb and face
- Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
- Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
- Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
- Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
1 min
Left Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
- Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
- Side to Side Discrimination
- Aphasia
- Agraphia
- Slow Performance
- Aware of Deficits
- Anxiety
- Depression
2 mins
Right Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
- Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
- Poor Proprioception
- Disoriented to Person, Place, Time
- Can't Recognize Faces (Prosopagnosia)
- Loss of Judgement and Awareness
- Impulsiveness
- Personality Changes
- Tonal Hearing Loss
2 mins
Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
- Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Basilar Artery Stroke Assessment
- Characteristics
- Brainstem Structures
- Lateral Corticospinal and Corticobulbar Tracts
- Clinical Findings
- Locked-in Syndrome
- Motor Dysfunction
- Preserved Vertical Eye Movements
2 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Stroke Assessment
- Characteristics
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Lateral Pontine Syndrome
- Ipsilateral Clinical Findings
- Decreased Facial Pain and Temperature Sensation
- Facial Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
- Deceased Salivation and Lacrimation
- Nystagmus and Hearing Loss
- Horner Syndrome
- Ataxia
- Contralateral Clinical Findings
- Decreased Body Pain and Temperature Sensation
3 mins
Histologic Evolution of Ischemic Stroke
- > 5 Minutes
- Irreversible Neuronal Injury
- 12-24 hours
- Red Neurons
- 1-3 days
- Liquefactive Necrosis (Neutrophils)
- 3–5 Days
- Microglia
- 1-2 Weeks
- Reactive Gliosis (Astrocytes)
- Vascular Proliferation
- > 2 weeks
- Glial Scar
2 mins
Gerstmann Syndrome
- MCA Stroke
- Angular Gyrus
- Parietal Lobe
- Dominant Hemisphere
- Integration of Visual, Acoustic, and Sensory Information
- Components of Gerstmann Syndrome
- Left-Right Disorientation
- Finger Agnosia
- Agraphia
- Acalculia
2 mins
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