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Parker Ray-H-E Shared "endo/gu 1" - 25 Picmonics

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endo/gu 1

Renal Corpuscle
LOCATION
Cortex
Characteristics
Arterioles
Glomerulus
Capillaries
Selective Filtration
Plasma Solutes and Other Small Molecules Become Ultrafiltrate
Bowman's Capsule Encapsulates Glomerulus
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2 mins
Collecting Duct
Characteristics
Na+ Reabsorption
Vasopressin Causes Water reabsorption
Concentrates Filtrate
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2 mins
Renal Clearance
Characteristics
Estimates the Volume of Plasma Completely Cleared of a Substance by the Kidneys Per Unit Time
Creatinine Clearance Used to Estimate GFR
Equation
Cx = (Ux * V) / Px
Variables
Urine Concentration of Substance X (Ux)
Times Urine Flow Rate (V)
Over Plasma Concentration of Substance X (Px)
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3 mins
Proximal Tubule
Characteristics
Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
Water Follows Na+
Most Of Glucose Reabsorbed
Most Of Amino Acids Reabsorbed
Bicarbonate Exchanged For H+
Drugs and Toxins Excreted
Filtrate Osmolarity Same As Plasma
Leads To Loop Of Henle
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2 mins
Loop of Henle
Characteristics
Descending Limb
Water Follows Na+
Medullary Hypertonicity
Increased Water Reabsorption
Vasa Recta
Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
Ascending Limb
Reabsorbs Na+, K+, Cl-
Decreased Concentration of Filtrate
Impermeable to Water
Distal Tubule
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2 mins
Distal Tubule
Characteristics
Hormonally Regulated
Aldosterone Causes Na+ Reabsorption
Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
Water follows Na+
Early Distal Tubule is Impermeable to Water
Parathyroid Hormone Causes Ca2+ Reabsorption
Leads to Collecting Duct
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2 mins
Steroid Hormones
Characteristics
Nuclear Membrane
Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
Cholesterol-Derived
Intracellular Receptors
DNA Transcription
Examples
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Cortisol
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2 mins
Diabetes Assessment
Assessment Type 1
Juvenile Onset
Absent Insulin Production
Ketosis Prone
Assessment Type 2
Adult Onset
Insulin Resistance
Obesity
Gestational Diabetes
Onset During Pregnancy
Glucose Intolerance
Complications
Retinopathy
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
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2 mins
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs and Symptoms
Kussmaul respirations
Dehydration
Abdominal Pain
Nausea/vomiting
Psychosis
Fruity breath Odor
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1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diagnosis and Labs
Diagnosis
Blood glucose Increased > 250 mg/dL
Anion gap metabolic acidosis
Decreased pH < 7.3
Decreased serum bicarbonate < 18
Plasma ketones
Other Labs
Hyperkalemia
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1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment
Initial Management
IV Normal Saline
Regular Insulin Drip
Subsequent Management (correction of electrolytes)
Potassium (K+)
Glucose
Treat Underlying Cause
Monitoring
Venous pH
Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3)
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1 min
Dawn Phenomenon
Cause/Mechanism
Increased Hormone Production
Assessment
Hyperglycemia Upon Awakening
Interventions
Long-Acting Evening Insulin
Change Administration Times
Insulin Pump
Considerations
Closely Monitor Glucose Levels
Between 2-6AM
Limit Carbohydrates Before Bedtime
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2 mins
Corrected Na+ for Hyperglycemia
Equation
[(Glucose-100) * 0.016 ] + Na+
Steps
Glucose-100
Multiply * 0.016
Add Na+
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1 min
Acanthosis Nigricans
Associations
Endocrine Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Malignancy
Presentation
Velvety Plaques
Dark, Thickened Flexural Areas
Diagnosis
Hyperkeratosis with Melanocytes
Treatment
Treat Underlying Disorder
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2 mins
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Characteristics
Insulin Present
Increased Serum Osmolality
Glucose >600 mg/dL
No Significant Acidosis or Ketosis
Clinical Features
Severe Dehydration
Altered Neurological Status
Tachycardia and Hypotension
Management
IV Fluids
Insulin
Treat Underlying Disorder
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3 mins
Diabetes Interventions
Early Diagnosis
Insulin
Oral Hypoglycemics
Glucose Monitoring
Routine Exercise
Diabetic Diet
Monitor for Complications
Insulin Therapy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
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2 mins
Anterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Hypothalamic Control
FLAT PeG Mnemonic
Tropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Direct Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
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2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
Direct Hormones
Vasopressin
Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
Oxytocin
Increased Uterine Contraction
Mammary Glands Contraction
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2 mins
Insulin Synthesis
Synthesis
Preproinsulin
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proinsulin 
Golgi Body
Beta Cells Release Insulin
Beta Cells Release C-peptide
Clinical Relevance
Insulinoma
Sulfonylureas
Surreptitious Insulin Use
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2 mins
Peptide Hormones
Characteristics
Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
Stimulate Secondary Messengers
Amino Acid-Derived
Examples
Insulin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
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2 mins

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Parker Ray-H-E Shared endo/gu 1 - 25 Picmonics