Parker Ray-H-E Shared "endo/gu 1" - 25 Picmonics
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endo/gu 1
Renal Corpuscle
- LOCATION
- Cortex
- Characteristics
- Arterioles
- Glomerulus
- Capillaries
- Selective Filtration
- Plasma Solutes and Other Small Molecules Become Ultrafiltrate
- Bowman's Capsule Encapsulates Glomerulus
2 mins
Collecting Duct
- Characteristics
- Na+ Reabsorption
- Vasopressin Causes Water reabsorption
- Concentrates Filtrate
2 mins
Renal Clearance
- Characteristics
- Estimates the Volume of Plasma Completely Cleared of a Substance by the Kidneys Per Unit Time
- Creatinine Clearance Used to Estimate GFR
- Equation
- Cx = (Ux * V) / Px
- Variables
- Urine Concentration of Substance X (Ux)
- Times Urine Flow Rate (V)
- Over Plasma Concentration of Substance X (Px)
3 mins
Proximal Tubule
- Characteristics
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Water Follows Na+
- Most Of Glucose Reabsorbed
- Most Of Amino Acids Reabsorbed
- Bicarbonate Exchanged For H+
- Drugs and Toxins Excreted
- Filtrate Osmolarity Same As Plasma
- Leads To Loop Of Henle
2 mins
Loop of Henle
- Characteristics
- Descending Limb
- Water Follows Na+
- Medullary Hypertonicity
- Increased Water Reabsorption
- Vasa Recta
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Ascending Limb
- Reabsorbs Na+, K+, Cl-
- Decreased Concentration of Filtrate
- Impermeable to Water
- Distal Tubule
2 mins
Distal Tubule
- Characteristics
- Hormonally Regulated
- Aldosterone Causes Na+ Reabsorption
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Water follows Na+
- Early Distal Tubule is Impermeable to Water
- Parathyroid Hormone Causes Ca2+ Reabsorption
- Leads to Collecting Duct
2 mins
Steroid Hormones
- Characteristics
- Nuclear Membrane
- Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
- Cholesterol-Derived
- Intracellular Receptors
- DNA Transcription
- Examples
- Testosterone
- Aldosterone
- Estrogen
- Cortisol
2 mins
Diabetes Assessment
- Assessment Type 1
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Assessment Type 2
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Complications
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
2 mins
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs and Symptoms
- Kussmaul respirations
- Dehydration
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/vomiting
- Psychosis
- Fruity breath Odor
1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diagnosis and Labs
- Diagnosis
- Blood glucose Increased > 250 mg/dL
- Anion gap metabolic acidosis
- Decreased pH < 7.3
- Decreased serum bicarbonate < 18
- Plasma ketones
- Other Labs
- Hyperkalemia
1 min
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment
- Initial Management
- IV Normal Saline
- Regular Insulin Drip
- Subsequent Management (correction of electrolytes)
- Potassium (K+)
- Glucose
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Monitoring
- Venous pH
- Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3)
1 min
Dawn Phenomenon
- Cause/Mechanism
- Increased Hormone Production
- Assessment
- Hyperglycemia Upon Awakening
- Interventions
- Long-Acting Evening Insulin
- Change Administration Times
- Insulin Pump
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor Glucose Levels
- Between 2-6AM
- Limit Carbohydrates Before Bedtime
2 mins
Corrected Na+ for Hyperglycemia
- Equation
- [(Glucose-100) * 0.016 ] + Na+
- Steps
- Glucose-100
- Multiply * 0.016
- Add Na+
1 min
Acanthosis Nigricans
- Associations
- Endocrine Disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Obesity
- Malignancy
- Presentation
- Velvety Plaques
- Dark, Thickened Flexural Areas
- Diagnosis
- Hyperkeratosis with Melanocytes
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
2 mins
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
- Characteristics
- Insulin Present
- Increased Serum Osmolality
- Glucose >600 mg/dL
- No Significant Acidosis or Ketosis
- Clinical Features
- Severe Dehydration
- Altered Neurological Status
- Tachycardia and Hypotension
- Management
- IV Fluids
- Insulin
- Treat Underlying Disorder
3 mins
Diabetes Interventions
- Early Diagnosis
- Insulin
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- Glucose Monitoring
- Routine Exercise
- Diabetic Diet
- Monitor for Complications
- Insulin Therapy
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
2 mins
Anterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Hypothalamic Control
- FLAT PeG Mnemonic
- Tropic Hormones
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Direct Hormones
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
- Direct Hormones
- Vasopressin
- Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
- Oxytocin
- Increased Uterine Contraction
- Mammary Glands Contraction
2 mins
Insulin Synthesis
- Synthesis
- Preproinsulin
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Proinsulin
- Golgi Body
- Beta Cells Release Insulin
- Beta Cells Release C-peptide
- Clinical Relevance
- Insulinoma
- Sulfonylureas
- Surreptitious Insulin Use
2 mins
Peptide Hormones
- Characteristics
- Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
- Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
- Stimulate Secondary Messengers
- Amino Acid-Derived
- Examples
- Insulin
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
2 mins
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