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I&I-E1
Streptococcus viridans
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Negative
Alpha-Hemolytic
Optochin-Resistant
Not Bile Soluble
Normal Flora of Oropharynx
Synthesize Dextrans from Sucrose
Disease
Dental Caries
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
2 mins
Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Group A Streptococci (GAS)
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Beta-Hemolytic
Catalase-Negative
Bacitracin-Sensitive
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Streptolysin O
DNase
Streptokinase
Exotoxin A
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Positive
2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Diplococci
Lancet-Shaped
Catalase-Negative
Optochin-Sensitive
Bile Soluble
Alpha-Hemolytic
Polysaccharide Capsule
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
1 min
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Characteristics
Cocci
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Coagulase-Negative
Novobiocin-Sensitive
Component of Normal Skin Flora
Infects Prosthetic Devices and IV Catheters
Contaminates Blood Cultures
Produces Adherent Biofilms
2 mins
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Negative
Novobiocin-Resistant
Urease-Positive
Disease
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI's)
1 min
Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
2 mins
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Clindamycin and Ampicillin
Toxin A Enterotoxin
Damages Brush Border of Gut
Toxin B Cytotoxin
Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Diagnosis
Detect Toxins in Stool
Treatment
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
3 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
1 min
Bacillus Cereus Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Emetic Form
Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrheal Form
Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
Diarrhea and GI Pain
2 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
2 mins
Clostridium tetani
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Obligate Anaerobic
Exotoxin
Spore-Forming
Renshaw Cells in the Spinal Cord
Blocks Glycine and GABA Release
Signs and Symptoms
Spasms
Risus Sardonicus
Lockjaw
Opisthotonus
3 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase Positive
Glucose Fermenting
Pilus
Opa Surface Protein
Rapid Antigenic Variation
IgA Protease
2 mins
Neisseria Meningitidis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase-Positive
Maltose Fermentation
Glucose Fermentation
Endotoxin
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Membrane
Polysaccharide Capsule
IgA Protease
Disease
Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome
Adrenal Insufficiency
Petechial Rash
Treatments
Ceftriaxone
Rifampin Prophylaxis
5 mins
Nocardia
Characteristics
Aerobic
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Acid Fast
Branching
Beaded Filament
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Soil
Signs and Symptoms
Lung Cavitation
Brain Abscess
Kidney Abscess
Treatment
TMP-SMX
2 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Characteristics
Characteristics
Mycolic Acid Cell Wall
Acid-fast
Carbolfuchsin Stain Red
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
Serpentine Cord Factor
Primary TB
Primary TB
Caseating Granuloma
Ghon Focus
Hilar Lymph Nodes
Ghon Complex
Reactivation TB
Reactivation TB
Reactivation in Apex
3 mins
Mycobacterium leprae
Characteristics
Acid-Fast
Aerobic
Likes Cool Temperature
Diagnosis by Skin Biopsy or PCR
Lepromatous Leprosy
Th2 Response
Leonine Facies
Tuberculoid Leprosy
TH1 Response
Hypoesthetic Skin Plaques
Granulomatous Response
Treatment
Dapsone
Rifampin
Clofazimine
2 mins
Syphilis
Characteristics
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete with characteristic motility
Signs and Symptoms
Painless chancre
Condylomata lata
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles
Aortitis
Gummas
Neurosyphilis
Argyll Robertson pupils
Vasa vasorum
Tabes dorsalis
Treatment
Penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
2 mins
TORCHeS Screening
TORCHES
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Syphilis
Considerations
Diagnostic Testing
3 mins
Lyme Disease
Mechanism
Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
Signs and Symptoms
Flu-like Symptoms
Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
Joint Pain and Stiffness
Facial Paralysis
Considerations
Antibiotics
Prevention
2 mins
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Characteristics
No Cell Wall and No Gram Stain
Cholesterol Membrane
Eaton's Agar
Mulberry Colonies
Disease
Atypical pneumonia
Military Recruits
Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Erythema Multiforme
Treatment
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
2 mins
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