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NB2
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 1st Arch
Cartilage
Meckel's Cartilage
Mandible
Malleus
Incus
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Muscles
Muscles of Mastication
Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatini
Anterior Belly of the Digastric
Mylohyoid
Nerves
CN V2
CN V3
Conditions
Treacher Collins Syndrome
3 mins
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 2nd Arch
Cartilage
Reichert's Cartilage
Stapes
Styloid Process
Lesser Horn of Hyoid
Stylohyoid Ligament
Muscles
Muscles of Facial Expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid
Platysma
Posterior Belly of Digastric
Nerves
CN VII
Conditions
Congenital Pharyngocutaneous Fistula
2 mins
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 3rd Arch
Cartilage
Greater Horn of Hyoid
Muscles
Stylopharyngeus
Nerves
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Arteries
Common Carotid
Internal Carotid
1 min
Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives: 4-6 Arches
Cartilage
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoids
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Muscles
4th: Cricothyroid
4th: Pharyngeal Constrictors
6th: Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx
Nerves
4th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)
Superior Laryngeal Branch
6th: CN X (Vagus Nerve)
Recurrent Laryngeal Branch
2 mins
Cranial Bones
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
52 secs
Facial Bones
Vomer
Conchae
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
1 min
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Innervation
Mandibular Branch (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve
Embryology
1st Branchial Arch
1 min
Neck and Shoulder Muscles
Superficial
Splenius Capitis
Trapezius
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Deep
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
2 mins
Branchial Pouches: 1st Pouch
Endoderm Lines the Auditory Tube
Middle Ear Cavity
Eustachian Tube
Mastoid Air Cells
1 min
Branchial Pouches: 2nd Pouch
Palatine Tonsils
38 secs
Branchial Pouches: 3rd Pouch
Separates into Dorsal and Ventral Wings
Dorsal Wings
Inferior Parathyroid Glands
Ventral Wings
Thymus
1 min
Branchial Pouches: 4th Pouch
Separates into Dorsal and Ventral Wings
Dorsal Wings
Superior Parathyroid Glands
Ventral Wings
Parafollicular (C) Cells of Thyroid Gland
Formed by Endoderm
1 min
Anencephaly/Holoprosencephaly
Anencephaly
Malformation of anterior neural tube
No forebrain, Open Calvarium
Increased AFP levels
Polyhydramnios (no swallowing center in brain)
Associated with maternal type 1 diabetes
Maternal folate supplementation Decreases
Holoprosencephaly
Failure of left and right hemispheres to separate
Usually occurs during weeks 5–6
May be related to mutations in sonic hedgehog signaling pathway
Moderate form has cleft lip/palate
Most severe form results in cyclopia
Seen in Patau syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
Moves Both Arms and Both Legs
Fine Motor
Opens Hands Briefly
Tracks Objects to the Midline
Language/Communication
Produces Sounds Aside from Crying
Reacts to Loud Noise
Social / Cognitive
Social Smile
Recognizes Parents
Soothed When Spoken to or Picked Up
2 mins
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Keeps Head Steady Without Support
Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy
Fine Motor
Holds a Toy in Hands
Moves Hands Towards Mouth
Language/Communication
Cooing
Turns to Voice
Social / Cognitive
Chuckles
Enjoys Looking Around
Looks at Hands With Interest
Opens Mouth When Hungry
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Propped Up On Hands
Rolls
Fine Motor
Raking Grasp
Language/Communication
Makes Squealing Noises
Blows "Raspberries"
Turn-Taking in Sounds
Social / Cognitive
Laughs
Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror
Recognizes Familiar People
Closes Lips to Signal Fullness
Puts Objects in Mouth
Reaches for Desired Toys
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Up Independently
Fine Motor
Transfers Objects Between Hands
Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self
Language/Communication
Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"
Raises Arms to be Lifted Up
Social / Cognitive
Separation Anxiety
Shows Facial Expressions
Looks When Calling Name
Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo
Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight
Bangs Two Items Together
2 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Pulls Up to Stand
First Steps
Fine Motor
Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance
Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
Language/Communication
Understands “No”
Waves "Bye-Bye"
"Mama & Dada"
Social / Cognitive
Plays Pat-A-Cake
Puts Block in Cup
Searches for Hidden Toys
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Walks Independently
Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help
Fine Motor
Drinks from Open Cup Independently
Scribbles
Eats with Fingers
Tries to Use a Spoon
Stacks Three Blocks
Language/Communication
Attempts Three-word Phrases
Follows One-step Commands
Social / Cognitive
Checks While Moving Away
Points to Objects
Engages With Toys Simply
Copies Parent Doing Chores
Extends Hands for Washing
2 mins
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Kicks a Ball
Runs
Walks Up Stairs With Help
Fine Motor
Stacks Six Blocks
Feeds Self With a Spoon
Language / Communication
Two-Word Phrases
Points to Book Items as Prompted
Demonstrates Varied Gestures
Identifies Body Parts When Prompted
Social / Cognitive
Shows Empathy
Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously
Engages With Multiple Toys
2 mins
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