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Abigail Shared "cram" - 44 Picmonics

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cram

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Characteristics
Pathophysiology
Small Vessel Vasculitis
Necrotizing
Lungs and Upper Airway
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
DIAGNOSTICS
c-ANCA
X-ray
Multiple Nodules in Lungs
Treatment
Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroids
Rituximab
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3 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Symptoms
Upper Respiratory Tract
Saddle Nose
Perforation of Nasal Septum
Chronic Sinusitis
Otitis Media
Mastoiditis
Lower Respiratory Tract
Cough
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Kidney
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Hematuria
RBC Casts
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2 mins
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
Pathophysiology
Granulomatous Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Sinusitis
Skin Lesions
Peripheral Neuropathy
Asthma
GI Disease
Heart Disease
Kidney Failure
Diagnosis
Eosinophilia
p-ANCA
Treatment
Corticosteroids
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4 mins
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Most Common Childhood Vasculitis
Follows Pharyngeal or Respiratory Infection
Palpable Purpura on Legs and Buttocks
Arthralgia
Intestinal Hemorrhage
Black Stool (Melena)
Associated with IgA Nephropathy
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2 mins
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Pathophysiology
Immune Complex-Mediated Transmural Vasculitis
Hepatitis B Association
Fibrinoid Necrosis
Signs and Symptoms
Black Stool (Melena)
Neurologic Dysfunction
Myalgia
Fever
Hypertension
Diagnosis
Vessels / Lesions in Different Stages
Renal Microaneurysms (On Arteriogram)
Spares Pulmonary Arteries (No Pulmonary Involvement)
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
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2 mins
Buerger's Disease
Pathophysiology
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Segmental Inflammation
Strong Association with Smoking
Signs and Symptoms
Superficial Nodular Phlebitis
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Autoamputation
Treatment
Smoking Cessation
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2 mins
Kawasaki Disease
Pathophysiology
Prevalent in Asian Children
Necrotizing Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
Lymphadenopathy
Desquamative Skin Rash
Erythema and Edema of the Hands and Feet
Conjunctivitis
Coronary Aneurysm
Treatment
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Aspirin
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2 mins
Temporal Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Granulomatous
Old Females
Clinical Features
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Unilateral Headache
Jaw Claudication
Blindness
Lab Findings
Increased ESR
Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
Treatment
Steroids
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2 mins
Takayasu Arteritis
Pathophysiology
Granulomatous Thickening of Aortic Arch
Pulseless Disease
Asian Females
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Myalgia
Night Sweats
Arthritis
Ocular Disturbances
Diagnosis
Increased ESR
Different Blood Pressures in Arms
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2 mins
11 Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Decreased Cortisol
Decreased Aldosterone
Increased Sex Hormones
Increased 11 Deoxycorticosterone (11 DOC)
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension
Masculinization
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1 min
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Decreased Cortisol
Increased 17 Hydroxyprogesterone
Decreased Aldosterone
Signs and Symptoms
Hypotension
Increased Renin
Hyperkalemia
Female Pseudohermaphroditism
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2 mins
17 Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency
Decreased Cortisol
Decreased Sex Hormones
Increased Mineralocorticoids (DOC)
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
XY Externally Phenotypic Female
No Internal Reproductive Structures Due to Mullerian Inhibitory Factor
XX Externally Phenotypic Female
Sexual Infantilism
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2 mins
Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer)
Characteristics
Autosomal Dominant
Defective DNA Mismatch Repair
80% Risk of Colon Cancer Development
Proximal (Right) Colon
Type II associated with Endometrial, Ovarian and Skin Cancers
3-2-1 Rule
3 Relatives with Colon Cancer
Occurs Across 2 Generations
1 Relative Diagnosed < 50 Years Old
Treatment
Frequent Screening
Colectomy
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3 mins
Hirschsprung Disease
Failure of Neural Crest Cell Migration
Involves Rectum
Lack of Auerbach and Meissner Plexus
Chronic Constipation
Failure to Pass Meconium
Congenital Megacolon
Increased Risk with Down Syndrome
RET Mutations
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2 mins
Whipple's Disease
Tropheryma Whipplei
Gram-Positive
Middle-aged, Caucasian men and Farmers
Malabsorption
Mesenteric Nodes
Arthralgias
Cardiac Symptoms
Neurologic Symptoms
PAS-positive Foamy Macrophages
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1 min
Gilbert's Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Decreased UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Activity
Decreased Bilirubin Conjugation
Signs and Symptoms
Often Asymptomatic
Jaundice (Mild)
Fasting
Stress
Alcohol Intake
Labs
Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
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2 mins
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Absent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Symptoms
Neonatal Jaundice
Kernicterus
Diagnosis
Normal Liver Function Tests
Elevated Unconjugated Bilirubin
Treatment
Phototherapy
Plasmapheresis
Calcium Phosphate and Orlistat
Death often by Age 2
Considerations
No Response to Phenobarbital
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3 mins
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Causes
Pregnancy and Postpartum
Hematologic Disorders
Tumors
Chronic Infections
Mechanism
Thrombosis of Major Hepatic Veins
Centrilobular Congestion and Necrosis
Symptoms
Abdominal Pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Nutmeg Liver
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3 mins
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Mechanisms
Mechanism
Unknown Mechanism
"Onion Skin" Fibrosis
"Beading" of Bile Ducts
Symptoms
Pruritus
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
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2 mins
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Labs and Treatment
Labs
Increased Conjugated Bilirubin
Increased ALK-P
Increased IgM
Associated Pathologies
Ulcerative Colitis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis
Treatment
Liver Transplant
Stent
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2 mins

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