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Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
1 min
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
Interventions
Raise Plasma pH > 7.20
Treat Underlying Cause
Sodium Bicarbonate
Considerations
Follow ABGs
Continuously Monitor Patient
2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury
Linear Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Depressed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basilar Skull Fracture
Closed Head Injury
Coup and Contrecoup
Brain Contusion
Concussion
2 mins
Types of Strokes
Warning Signs
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
Types
Ischemic
Thrombotic
Atherosclerosis
Embolic
Atrial Fibrillation
Hemorrhagic
Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Right Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Poor Proprioception
Disoriented to Person, Place, Time
Can't Recognize Faces (Prosopagnosia)
Loss of Judgement and Awareness
Impulsiveness
Personality Changes
Tonal Hearing Loss
2 mins
Left Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Side to Side Discrimination
Aphasia
Agraphia
Slow Performance
Aware of Deficits
Anxiety
Depression
2 mins
Hydrocephalus
Cause
Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
Assessment
Signs of Increased ICP
Infant Assessment
High Pitched Cry
Irritability
Opisthotonus
Increased Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Setting Sun Sign
Interventions
Seizure Precautions
Elevate HOB
CSF Shunt
2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Main TBI Lesions
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
Intraventricular Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
3 mins
Aphasia Post Stroke
Causes
Cerebrovascular Accident
Non-Fluent Aphasia
Broca’s Aphasia
Fluent Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Other Types of Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Verbal Apraxia
Dysarthria
Diagnosis
Cerebral Angiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Intervention
Simple Short Sentences
Visual and Tactile Cues
Speech Therapy
4 mins
Concussion
Cause
Brain Trauma
Pathophysiology
Neurometabolic Cascade
Signs & Symptoms
Visual Disturbances
Cognitive Dysfunction
Sleep Disturbances
Emotional Instability
Diagnosis
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5)
Diagnostic Imaging
Treatment
Physical and Cognitive Rest
Monitored Exercise
Vestibular Rehabilitation
Considerations
Second Impact Syndrome
4 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
LOC Assessment
Score of 3 to 15
8 or Less = Coma
Eye Opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response
1 min
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
Conscious
Confused
Delirious
Somnolent
Obtunded
Stuporous
Comatose
3 mins
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Mechanism
Osmotic Diuresis
Indications
Reducing Intracranial Pressure
Reducing Intraocular Pressure
Renal Failure Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Edema
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
Considerations
Avoid Use in Cardiac Patients
IV Administration
2 mins
Hyponatremia
Assessment
< 135 mEq Na+
Nausea and Vomiting
Decreased LOC
Confusion / Lethargy
Seizures
Priority Interventions
Assess Airway
Reduce Diuretic Dosage
Fluid Excess Hyponatremia
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Fluid Restriction
Fluid Deficit Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)
2 mins
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