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Neurology Final
Types of Seizures
Tonic-Clonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence (Petit Mal)
Myoclonic
Atonic
Partial (Focal) Seizure
Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
3 mins
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
1 min
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
Presentation
Subdural Hemorrhage
Retinal Hemorrhages
Bruising and Fractures
Diagnosis
CT of Head
Skeletal Survey
Treatment
Document Injuries
Notify Child Protective Services
1 min
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Etiology
Hypertension
Vasculitis
Amyloid Angiopathy
Arteriovenous Malformation
Tumor
Trauma
Secondary to Reperfusion Injury in Ischemic Stroke
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5)
Diagnostic Imaging
Treatment
Physical and Cognitive Rest
Monitored Exercise
Vestibular Rehabilitation
Considerations
Second Impact Syndrome
4 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
LOC Assessment
Score of 3 to 15
8 or Less = Coma
Eye Opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response
1 min
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
Pathophysiology
Misfolded Prion Protein
Spongiform Encephalopathy
Subtypes
Sporadic Type
Familial Type
Variant Type
Iatrogenic Type
Clinical Manifestations
Rapidly Progressive
Dementia
Ataxia
Myoclonus
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Increased Levels of 14-3-3 Protein
Periodic Sharp Waves On EEG
Management
Supportive Care
4 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
More Common in Women
Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
Signs and Symptoms (Both)
Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
Dysphagia
Lung and Cardiac Involvement
Signs and Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)
Malar Rash
Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
Gottron Papules on Knuckles
Heliotrope Rash
3 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Increased CK (CPK)
Increased Aldolase
Anti-JO-1 Antibody
Anti-SRP Antibody
Antinuclear Antibody
Abnormal EMG
Biopsy
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Treatment For Resistant Disease
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Cyclophosphamide
Rituximab
Calcineurin Inhibitors
2 mins
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