Grace Shared "Neurology Final" - 19 Picmonics
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Neurology Final
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-Clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
- Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
3 mins
Epidural Hematoma
- Mechanism
- Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
- Temporal Bone Fracture
- Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
- Transtentorial Herniation
- Lucid Interval
- Imaging
- Lens-shaped on CT
- Does Not Cross Suture Lines
- Treatment
- Craniotomy
1 min
Subdural Hematoma
- Mechanism
- Tear of Bridging Veins
- Slow Bleeding, Over Time
- Imaging
- Subdural Space
- Crescent-shaped on CT
- Crosses Suture Lines
- Midline Shift
- Causes
- Elderly
- Whiplash
- Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
- Mechanisms
- Trauma
- Aneurysm Rupture
- AVM Rupture
- Vasospasm causes Ischemia
- Signs & Symptoms
- "Worst Headache Of My Life"
- Diagnosis
- Noncontrast Head CT
- Lumbar Puncture
- Angiography
- Considerations
- Surgery
- Blood Pressure Control
- Intracranial Pressure Control
- Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- Presentation
- Subdural Hemorrhage
- Retinal Hemorrhages
- Bruising and Fractures
- Diagnosis
- CT of Head
- Skeletal Survey
- Treatment
- Document Injuries
- Notify Child Protective Services
1 min
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Etiology
- Hypertension
- Vasculitis
- Amyloid Angiopathy
- Arteriovenous Malformation
- Tumor
- Trauma
- Secondary to Reperfusion Injury in Ischemic Stroke
- Diagnosis
- CT Scan
- MRI
- Treatment
- Surgery
2 mins
Types of Strokes
- Warning Signs
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
- Types
- Ischemic
- Thrombotic
- Atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Hemorrhagic
- Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Myasthenia Gravis
- Mechanism
- Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
- Symptoms
- Ptosis
- Diplopia
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Respiratory Death
- Thymus Associated
- Treatment
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Plasmapheresis
- Thymectomy
1 min
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
- Assessment
- Ascending Paralysis
- Muscle Weakness
- Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
- Diplopia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Dysphagia
- Labile Blood Pressure
- Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
- Considerations
- Aggressive Airway Management
2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Assessment
- Progressive Muscle Weakness
- Systemic Muscle Wasting
- Fasciculations
- Spasticity
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Riluzole (Rilutek)
- Stretching
- Little to No Cognitive Decline
- Respiratory Support
- Palliative Care
2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
- Open Head Injury
- Linear Fracture
- Comminuted Fracture
- Depressed Fracture
- Open Fracture
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Closed Head Injury
- Coup and Contrecoup
- Brain Contusion
- Concussion
2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
- Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Personality Changes
- Amnesia
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Diplopia
- Posturing
- Location of Injury
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Halo or Ring Sign
- Considerations
- Intracranial Bleeding
2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
- Interventions
- Elevate Head Of Bed
- Foley Catheter
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- High Dose Barbiturates
- Passive Hyperventilation
- Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
- Considerations
- Neuro Assessment
- Maintain Normal Temperature
- Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
- Intracranial Monitoring System
2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Main TBI Lesions
- Epidural Hematoma
- Subdural Hematoma
- Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
- Intraventricular Hematoma
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
3 mins
Concussion
- Cause
- Brain Trauma
- Pathophysiology
- Neurometabolic Cascade
- Signs & Symptoms
- Visual Disturbances
- Cognitive Dysfunction
- Sleep Disturbances
- Emotional Instability
- Diagnosis
- Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5)
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Treatment
- Physical and Cognitive Rest
- Monitored Exercise
- Vestibular Rehabilitation
- Considerations
- Second Impact Syndrome
4 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- Pathophysiology
- Misfolded Prion Protein
- Spongiform Encephalopathy
- Subtypes
- Sporadic Type
- Familial Type
- Variant Type
- Iatrogenic Type
- Clinical Manifestations
- Rapidly Progressive
- Dementia
- Ataxia
- Myoclonus
- Diagnosis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Increased Levels of 14-3-3 Protein
- Periodic Sharp Waves On EEG
- Management
- Supportive Care
4 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
- More Common in Women
- Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
- Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
- Signs and Symptoms (Both)
- Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Dysphagia
- Lung and Cardiac Involvement
- Signs and Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)
- Malar Rash
- Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
- Gottron Papules on Knuckles
- Heliotrope Rash
3 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Increased CK (CPK)
- Increased Aldolase
- Anti-JO-1 Antibody
- Anti-SRP Antibody
- Antinuclear Antibody
- Abnormal EMG
- Biopsy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Methotrexate
- Azathioprine
- Treatment For Resistant Disease
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Rituximab
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
2 mins
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