Jace Shared "Exam 5" - 77 Picmonics
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Exam 5
Fibroadenoma
- Most Common Benign Breast Tumor
- Stromal Tumor
- Presentation
- Women under 40
- Small, firm mass
- Sharp Edges
- Increased tenderness and size with Estrogen
- Management
- Biopsy
1 min
Intraductal Papilloma
- Presentation
- Bloody nipple discharge
- Women 20-40 years old
- Mechanism
- Small tumor in lactiferous ducts
- Occurs Centrally
- Occurs Peripherally
- Increased malignancy
- Diagnosis
- Too Small to Palpate
- Galactogram biopsy
1 min
Phyllodes Tumor
- Presentation
- Common in 40's
- Large Palpable Mass
- Mechanism
- Benign
- Rarely Malignant
- Low-Grade Tumor
- Leaf-Like
- Stromal Tumor
- Treatment
- Wide Resection
2 mins
Paget Disease Of The Breast
- Clinical Manifestations
- Spreading Ulceration At Nipple/Areola
- Eczematous Or Vesicular Rash
- Pruritus
- Breast Mass
- Bloody Or Yellow Discharge
- Pathophysiology
- Associated With Underlying Ductal Adenocarcinoma
- Caused By Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Migrating To Surface
- Workup
- Biopsy
- Bilateral Mammogram
4 mins
Fibrocystic Changes of Breast
- Characteristics
- Benign
- Premenopausal Women
- Presentation
- Bilateral, Multifocal Breast Pain
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Mammogram
- Biopsy
- Nonproliferative
- Sclerosing Adenosis
- Ductal Hyperplasia
- Management
- Observation
- Pharmacologic Interventions
- Surgery
3 mins
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of Breast
- Characteristics
- Noninvasive Malignancy
- Absent Microcalcifications
- Decreased E-Cadherin
- Often Asymptomatic
- Considerations
- Surveillance
- Chemotherapy
- Prophylactic Surgery
2 mins
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast
- Characteristics
- Most Common Breast Cancer
- Presentation
- Firm, Palpable Mass
- Nipple Retraction
- Histologic Findings
- Spiculated Margins
- Microcalcifications
- Stromal Glandular Cells
- Management
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
2 mins
Inflammatory Carcinoma of Breast
- Characteristics
- Invasive Malignancy
- Invades Dermal Lymphatic Vessels
- Mimics Mastitis and Paget Disease of Breast
- Clinical Features
- Peau d'Orange
- Breast Tenderness
- Bloody Nipple Discharge
- Considerations
- Poor Prognosis
2 mins
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Breast
- Characteristics
- Multifocal and Bilateral
- Decreased E-Cadherin
- "Single File" Cells
- Presentation
- Often Asymptomatic
- Management
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of Breast
- Characteristics
- Noninvasive Malignancy
- Terminal Duct Lobular Unit (TDLU)
- Microcalcifications
- Comedo Necrosis
- Comedocarcinoma
- High Grade
- Dystrophic Calcification
- Management
- Surgical Resection
- Considerations
- Progresses to Invasive Breast Cancer
2 mins
Naloxone (Narcan)
- Mechanism
- Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
- Indications
- Opioid Induced CNS Depression
- Side Effects
- Severe Nausea and Vomiting
- Excitable State
- Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
- Considerations
- Repeated Dosing Often Required
1 min
NSAIDs
- Indications
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Side Effects
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
1 min
Aspirin
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain and Headache
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Mechanism of Action
- Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
- NSAID
- Side Effects
- Reye's Syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Peptic Ulceration
- Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
- Nephropathy
2 mins
Acetaminophen
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversibly Inhibits COX
- Acts Primarily in CNS
- Side Effect
- Hepatic Necrosis
- N-acetylcysteine Antidote
51 secs
Morphine
- Mechanism
- Opioid Receptor Agonist
- Indications
- Pain
- Myocardial Infarction
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- CNS Depression
- Biliary Colic
- Constipation
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Pupillary Constriction
- Hypotension
2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
- Symptoms
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Dyschezia
- Dysuria
- Dyspareunia
- 30-40% are Infertile
- Treatment
- Surgery
- NSAIDs
- OCPs
- Progesterone (Progestins)
- GnRH Agonists
1 min
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Theories
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
2 mins
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
- Assessment
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Painless Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Metrorrhagia (Bleeding Between Menses)
- Interventions
- Balloon Thermotherapy
- Hormone Medications
- Dilation and Curettage (DandC)
- Considerations
- Monitor for Anemia
3 mins
Cervical Cancer Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Assessment
- Metrorrhagia
- Leukorrhea
- Pain
- Abnormal Pap Test
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Considerations
- HPV Vaccine
2 mins
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids) Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Gynecologic Tumor
- Benign Smooth Muscle Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Early Menarche
- Hormone Sensitive
- African Americans
- Presentation
- Abnormal Menses
- Infertility
- Urinary Symptoms
- Irregularly Enlarged Uterus
3 mins
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