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Chandra Shared "Liver Problems" - 10 Picmonics

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Liver Problems

Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
AST/ALT Ratio
AST: 8-20 U/L
ALT: 8-20 U/L
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1 min
liver and gallbladder function
hepatic portal vein
excretion of bile pigments
Unconjugated Bilirubin
Conjugated Bilirubin
stercobilinogen and stercobilin
gall bladder
sphincter of oddi
gallbladder fills
reabsorption of water
vagus stimulation and CCK
somatostatin and nor-adrenaline
liver detoxification
triacylglycerols, amino acids and lactate
lipoproteins, phospholipids, ketone bodies and cholesterol
from the blood
albumin
Urea Cycle
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Bilirubin Metabolism Overview
Blood
Unconjugated Bilirubin
Bound to Albumin
Heme
Red Blood Cells
Macrophages
Liver
Conjugated Bilirubin
Secreted into Bile
Bowel
Urobilinogen
Eliminated in Feces
Eliminated in Urine
Enterohepatic Circulation
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3 mins
Jaundice
General
Due To Elevated Conjugated Or Unconjugated Bilirubin
Unconjugated
Hemolysis
Crigler-Najjar Or Gilbert's Syndrome
Physiologic Jaundice Of Newborn
Conjugated
Biliary Obstruction From Stone Or Mass
Cholangitis
Dubin-Johnson And Rotor Syndrome
Mixed
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
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5 mins
Cirrhosis Assessment
Mechanism
Degeneration and Destruction of Liver Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Palmar Erythema
Spider Angiomas
Hepatosplenomegaly
Edema
Gynecomastia
Change in LOC
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2 mins
Cirrhosis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Nutrition
Paracentesis
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Drug Therapy
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose
Antibiotics
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2 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Ascites
Esophageal Varices
Coagulation Defects
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome
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1 min
Hyperammonemia
Pathophysiology
Hereditary Urea Cycle Defects
Acquired Through Liver Disease
Inhibits the Citric Acid Cycle
Signs & Symptoms
Somnolence
Slurring of Speech
Tremor
Cerebral Edema
Vomiting
Blurring of Vision
Treatment
Limit Protein in Diet
Lactulose
Benzoate Binds Amino Acid for Excretion
Phenylbutyrate
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4 mins
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Characteristics/Definition
Seen in the Setting of Cirrhosis
Hyperammonemia
Altered Mental Status
Coma
TIPS
Asterixis
Management
Lactulose
Rifaximin
Liver Transplant
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3 mins
Esophageal Varices
Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Left Gastric Vein and Esophageal Veins
Clinical Features
Hematemesis
Melena
Hypotension
Acute Management
IV Fluids
Antibiotics
Octreotide
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Prophylaxis
Nonselective Beta Blockers
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
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3 mins

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Chandra Shared Liver Problems - 10 Picmonics