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Bella Shared "Respiratory Therapy" - 107 Picmonics

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Respiratory Therapy

Stages of Asthma Treatments
Mild Intermittent
Short-acting Inhaled Beta-Agonist
Mild Persistent
Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Montelukast (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)
Moderate Persistent
Low to Medium-dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Zileuton
Severe Persistent
High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Systemic Corticosteroids
Omalizumab (Allergies)
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2 mins
Albuterol (Proventil)
Mechanism
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist
Indications
Bronchospasm
Asthma
Side Effects
Angina
Tachycardia
Tremor
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1 min
Beta-2 Agonists
Short-Term Treatment
Terbutaline
Asthma
Tocolysis
Albuterol
Asthma
Long-Term Treatment
Salmeterol
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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3 mins
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Mechanism of Action
Beta-2 Agonists
Indications
Asthma
Tocolytic
Side Effects
Tremor
Tachycardia
Pulmonary Edema
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
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2 mins
Montelukast (Singulair)
Mechanism
Leukotriene Receptor Blocker
Indications
Allergic Rhinitis
Asthma Prophylaxis
Exercise Induced Bronchospasm
Side Effects
Fatigue
Headache
Mood Changes
Suicidal Thoughts
Considerations
Increased Risk of Churg Strauss
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2 mins
Theophylline
Indications
Asthma
Mechanism
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase
Increases cAMP
Side Effects
Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Blocks Adenosine Action
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53 secs
Anticholinergics
B.O.AT.S Acronym
Benztropine
Parkinson's Disease
Oxybutynin
Decrease bladder spasms
Atropine
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
Scopolamine
Motion Sickness
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1 min
Anticholinergics Continued
Drugs
Glycopyrrolate
Reduces Airway Secretions
Ulcer Treatment
Ipratropium
Asthma and C.O.P.D
Dicyclomine
Hyoscyamine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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1 min
Cromolyn (Mast Cell Stabilizers)
Mechanism
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Indications
Asthma Prophylaxis
Bronchial Inflammation
Allergic Rhinitis
Side Effects
Cough
Bronchospasm
Consideration
Fixed Schedule Administration
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2 mins
First Generation Antihistamines
Mechanism of Action
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Allergies
Nausea and Vomiting
Motion Sickness
Anaphylaxis
Drug Names
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Chlorpheniramine
Side Effects
Sedation
Anticholinergic Effects
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2 mins
Second Generation Antihistamines
Indications
Allergies
Mechanism of Action
Lipophobic
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Drugs
Azelastine + Fluticasone (Dymista)
Intranasal Spray
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Loratadine (Claritin)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Considerations
Fewer Anticholinergic Effects
Fewer CNS Effects
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2 mins
Prostacyclin Analogs
Mechanism of Action
Prostaglandin I2 (Prostacyclin)
Vasodilation of Pulmonary and Systemic Arteries
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Pulmonary Hypertension
Side effects
Flushing
Jaw Pain
Drugs
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Treprostinil
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1 min
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Indication
Pulmonary Hypertension
Mechanism of Action
Competitive Antagonism of Endothelin Receptors
Decreased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Drugs
Bosentan
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor LFTs
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1 min
Dextromethorphan
Mechanism
Codeine Analog
Weak Opioid
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Uses
Cough Suppressant
Adverse Effects
Serotonin Syndrome
Drug Overdose
Naloxone
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2 mins
Respiratory Anatomy
Characteristics
Nasal Cavity
Hair Filters
Mucus Filters and Moistens
Capillaries Warm
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Voice Box)
Cilia Expel Mucus and Dust
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
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2 mins
Pathways through the Diaphragm
Characteristics
T8 Level (Caval opening)
Inferior Vena Cava
T10 Level (Esophageal Opening)
Esophagus
Vagus Nerve
Esophageal Branches Left Gastric Vessels
T12 Level (Aortic opening)
Aorta
Thoracic Duct
Azygos Vein
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2 mins
Alveolar Gas Exchange
Characteristics
Pulmonary Artery Blood is O2-Poor, CO2-Rich
Two-Cell Thick Air-Blood Barrier
CO2 Diffuses Into Air
O2 Diffuses Into Blood
Gases Equilibrate
Pulmonary Vein is O2-Rich, CO2-Poor
Thermoregulation
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2 mins
Alveolar Gas Equation
Equation
Partial Pressure of Alveolar Oxygen (PAO2)
Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Inspired Air (PIO2)
PIO2 Normally Approximated = 150 mmHg
Arterial Partial Pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
Respiratory Quotient (R)
R Normally Approximated = 0.8
PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/R)
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1 min
Physiologic Dead Space (VD)
Tidal Volume (Vt)
Partial Pressure of Arterial CO2 (PaCO2)
Partial Pressure of CO2 in Expired Air (PECO2)
VD = VT x (PaCO2-PECO2) / PaCO2
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2 mins
A-a Gradient
Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2)
Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
Normal 10 to 15 mmHg
Hypoxemia with an Abnormal A-a Gradient
Diffusion problem
Shunting (Low V/Q)
Dead space (high V/Q)
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1 min

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