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Test 3 Pharm
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas
Indications
Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Name
Cefepime
Indications
Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
Penicillin
Gram Positive
Spirochetes
Bind PBPs
Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
Activate Autolytic Enzymes
Bactericidal
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hemolytic Anemia
Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
Considerations
Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
Drug Names
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
51 secs
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Indications
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Ampicillin Rash in EBV
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Allergic Reaction
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often Combined with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
2 mins
5th Generation Cephalosporin
Mechanism
Beta-Lactam
Indications
Resistant Bacteria
Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
Drugs
Ceftobiprole
Has Pseudomonas Coverage
Ceftaroline
No Pseudomonas Coverage
1 min
Vancomycin Mechanism
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Gram-Positive
Inhibits Cell Wall Mucopeptide
Binds to D-ala D-ala
Resistance with Change to D-ala D-lac
Staphylococcus aureus
Orally for Clostridium difficile
Enterococci
2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
Prevent with Antihistamine
Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Drug Names
30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid
3 mins
Aminoglycosides
Drug Names
Gentamicin
Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
Cause Misreading of mRNA
Require O2 for Uptake
Resistance
Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
Acetylation
Phosphorylation
Adenylation
Indications
Gram-Negative Rod Infections
Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
Teratogen
5 mins
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Indications
Parkinson's Disease
Mechanism of Action
Increase Dopamine in Brain
Cross blood-brain barrier
Increase bioavailability
Side Effects
Arrhythmias
Dyskinesia
1 min
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Mechanism
Anticholinergic
Indications
Parkinson's Disease
Acute Dystonia
Side Effects
Mydriasis
Dry Mouth
Urinary Retention
Tachycardia
Constipation
Psychosis
1 min
Donepezil
Indications
Alzheimer's Disease
Mechanism of Action
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Increased Acetylcholine
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
Dizziness
52 secs
Memantine
Indications
Alzheimer's Disease
Mechanism of Action
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Prevents Excitotoxicity
Side Effects
Confusion
Hallucinations
1 min
Gabapentin
Primary Indication
Seizure Treatment
Secondary Indications
Peripheral Neuropathy
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Characteristics
Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ channels
Designed as a GABA Analog
Side Effects
Ataxia
Sedation
2 mins
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Mechanism
GABA Analog
Indications
Seizures
Neuropathic Pain
Fibromyalgia
Side Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Ataxia
Somnolence (Fatigue)
Weight Gain
Angioedema
Rhabdomyolysis
Considerations
Dependence
2 mins
Phenytoin
Indications
Status Epilepticus
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
Inhibition of Glutamate Release
Class IB Antiarrhythmic
Side Effects
Teratogenic
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Induce Cytochrome P450
Drug-induced Lupus
Neuropathy
Hirsutism
Gingival Hyperplasia
1 min
Short-acting Benzodiazepines
Mnemonic
ATOM
Drug Names
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam
Indications
Anesthesia Induction
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Half-life < 12 Hours
Dependence
2 mins
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