Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Bilateral Amygdala Lesion Associated with HSV-1 Hyperorality Hypersexuality Disinhibited Behavior NMDA Receptor
Learing and Memory Activated by Glutamate Glycine Co-activation Requires Partial Membrane Depolarization Open Cation Channels Ca2+ Influx Generates NO Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder One Month Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview Cognitive Behavior Therap Agoraphobia Fear of Public Places >2 situations for >6 months Social Phobia CBT #1 SSRI Proponalol Stranger Anxiety Develops Separation Anxiety Age 1 Year Generalized Anxiety 6 Months - Benzo for Acute Psychotherapy Anxiety Assessment
Increased Alertness Heightened Perception Perception Narrowed Short Attention Span Shaking Ineffective Problem Solving Automatic Behavior Hyperventilation Hallucinations Inability to Function or Communicate Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Repetitive and Intrusive Thoughts Suppressed by Thought or Action Interferes with Daily Functioning May or May Not Be Aware Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Clomipramine Venlafaxine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Re-experience Traumatic Event Flashbacks Nightmares Avoidance Self-destructive Behaviors Assess Suicide Risk Actively Listen to Stories Anxiety Medications Social anxiety disorder
>1 social situations for >6 months embarrassment humiliation Social situations avoided marked imapairment Subtype specifier: Performance only SSRI/SNRI Cognitive-behavioral therapy Beta blocker or benzodiazepine for performance-only subtype Selective mutism Refusal to speak at school can impair both academic and social development and should not be considered normal shyness Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Anxiety> 6 months of 3 of the following, unrelated to specific cause Adjustment disorder: Emotional symptoms causing impairment following psychosocial stressor H: Hyperarousal Adjustment disorder (results from non-traumatic event) Treat pharmacologically based on symptoms Mix of depressive/anxious symptoms Onset within 3 months of stressor Over within 6 months of stressor ending Psychotherapy E: Energy loss R: Restlessness S: Sleep disturbances WATCHERS T: Tension in muscles C: Ceoncentration Difficulty PTSD Disturbance lasts> 1 month Acute Stress Disorder Symptom onset within 1 month of event Over within a month of onset (2 months of event) SSRIs or SNRIs Cognitive behavioral therapy PTSD and ASD= Same symptoms, different time course PTSD and ASD= Same symptoms, different time course Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Conversion Disorder Loss of sensory or motor function Often following acute stressor More common in young females Globus sensation Most spontaneously recover CBT if no spontaneous recovery Illness anxiety Preocupation/fear of having serious illness despite medical reassurance CBT Somatic Symptom Disorder Variety of complaints in 1+ organ systems Persistent and disproportional anxiety about symptoms Treatment: Regular appointments with PCP No physical symptoms Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder commonly comorbid Etiology of Schizophrenia
Viruses, Malnutrition, Fetal Hypoxia Enlargement of Lateral Ventricles Small Hippocampus Overexpression of D2 receptors Young Adult (20-30 Years) Risk of Suicide Neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders
Autism Increased total brain volume Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) orbitofrontal cortex & striatum Panic Decreased volume of amygdala Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Decreased hippocampal volume Schizophrenia Decreased volume of the hippocampus and amygdala Enlargement of cerebral ventricles Parkinsons
autosomal recessive (6) and dominant (4) Clinical signs DDX Non-motor features Features above the neck Pharm treatment Drug-induced parkinsonism (obv reversible) Biomarkers of PD Side effects of long-term Ldopa use Genes associated with PD Types of tremor gait abnormalities Alzeimers disease - microscopic features Huntingtons Disease Features suggesting non-parkinsons Multiple Sclerosis Alzeimers disease - general features Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names Seizure Treatment Anesthesia Induction Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening Decrease Neuron Firing Sedation Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression CNS Depression P450 inducer Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Barbiturate Seizures Ataxia Paradoxical Excitement Fatigue/Drowsiness Monitor Plasma Levels High Potential for Abuse Benzodiazepines Overview
First Line for Status Epilepticus Anesthesia Induction Anxiety Eclampsia Detoxification '-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening Decrease REM Sleep CNS Depression Dependence Flumazenil for Overdose Triazolam (Halcion)
Rapid-Onset Benzodiazepine Insomnia Rebound Insomnia Respiratory Depression Hypotension Paradoxical Excitement Amnesia Confusion Pregnancy Short-Term Administration Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
Insomnia Short Half-Life Acts on BZ1 GABA receptor Less dependence Zolpidem (Ambien) Ataxia, confusion Flumazenil for Overdose Buspirone
Generalized Anxiety Releases Dopamine and NE Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors Low Side Effect Profile Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics Trazodone
Insomnia Depression Inhibit Serotonin Reuptake Alpha-1 Blocker Histamine (H1) Blocker Sedation Orthostatic Hypotension Dry Mouth Priapism Arrhythmias View More
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