With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
FA Biochemistry
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
X-linked Recessive
Absence of HGPRT
Hypoxanthine to IMP
Guanine to GMP
Excess uric acid
Gout
Retardation
Self-mutilation
Choreoathetosis
PRPP is increased
2 mins
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Adenosine to Inosine
Excess ATP
Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase
Prevents DNA Synthesis
Decreases B Cells and T Cells
Major cause of SCID
1 min
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Decreased Type I Collagen Production
Symptoms
Phenotypically Diverse
Brittle Bone Disease
Fractures from Minimal Trauma
Confused with Child Abuse
Hearing Loss
Dental Imperfections
Blue Sclera
1 min
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 17
Signs and Symptoms
Neurofibromas
Optic Glioma
Lisch Nodules
Hamartomas
Cafe Au Lait Spots
Scoliosis
Pheochromocytoma
4 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Pathophysiology
Chromosome 3
Presentation
Hemangioblastomas
Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
Cysts
Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
Pheochromocytomas
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
Autosomal Recessive
CFTR Chromosome 7
Cl- channel Defect
Decreased Chloride Secretion
Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Fragile X
Pathophysiology
Trinucleotide Repeat
CGG Repeats
FMR1 Gene
X-linked Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Autism
Large Ears
Large Jaw
Long Face
Macroorchidism
2 mins
Myotonic Dystrophy
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CTG
Signs and Symptoms
Facial Muscle Weakness
Frontal Balding
Sustained Grip
Conduction Defects
Cataracts
Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers
Testicular Atrophy
2 mins
Edwards Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 18
Signs and Symptoms
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Rocker Bottom Feet
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Clenched Hands
Overlapping Fingers
Low-Set Ears
Micrognathia
Prominent Occiput
Omphalocele
Meckel's Diverticulum
Horseshoe Kidney
Malrotation of Intestines
3 mins
Patau Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 13
Signs and Symptoms
Severe Intellectual Disability
Microcephaly
Holoprosencephaly
Microphthalmia
Polydactyly
Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate
Rocker Bottom Feet
Omphalocele
Cystic Kidneys
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
2 mins
Williams Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Microdeletion Of Long Arm Of Chromosome 7
Elastin Gene
Signs and Symptoms
Elfin Facies
Intellectual Disability
Extreme Friendliness with Strangers
Well Developed Verbal Skills
Cardiovascular Problems
Hypercalcemia
Increased Sensitivity To Vitamin D
2 mins
Cri Du Chat
Pathophysiology
Congenital Deletion of Short Arm of Chromosome 5p
Signs and Symptoms
High Pitched Cry/Mewing
Microcephaly
Hypotonia
Difficulty Sucking and Swallowing
Epicanthal Folds
Widely Spaced Eyes
Wide & Flat Nasal Bridge
High Arched Palate
Intellectual Disability
Cardiac Abnormalities
3 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
Thiamine Deficiency
Dry Beriberi
Polyneuritis
Muscle Wasting
Wet Beriberi
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Edema
51 secs
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Classification
Vitamin B2
Biochemistry
FAD
FAD Makes 1.5 ATP
Succinate to Fumarate
DEFICIENCY
Glossitis
Cheilosis
Corneal Vascularization
2 mins
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Characteristics
X-Linked
Acquired from Thiamine Deficiency
Backup of Alanine and Pyruvate
Symptoms and Complications
Neurologic Defects
Lactic Acidosis
Interventions
Ketogenic Nutrients
Lysine and Leucine (Ketogenic Nutrients)
2 mins
G6PD Deficiency
X-linked Recessive
Hemolytic Anemia
Inflammatory Response
Fava Beans
Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Anti TB Drugs
Heinz Bodies
Bite Cells
Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Essential Fructosuria
Autosomal Recessive
Defect in fructokinase
Fructose to fructose 1-P
Benign
Fructose appears in blood and urine
Fructose does not enter cells
54 secs
Fructose Intolerance
Pathophysiology
Deficiency of Aldolase B
Fructose 1-P To DHAP And GA
Accumulation Of Fructose-1-Phosphate
Inhibition Of Glycogenolysis
Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis
Clinical Features
Hypoglycemia
Vomiting
Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Autosomal Recessive
2 mins
Galactokinase Deficiency
Autosomal Recessive
Galactose to Galactose 1P
Galactose Appears in Blood and Urine
Benign
Infantile Cataracts
Failure to Develop a Social Smile
2 mins
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Most Common Urea Cycle Disorder
X-Linked Recessive
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperammonemia
Decreased BUN
Carbamoyl Phosphate is Converted to Orotic Acid
Pyrimidine Synthesis Pathway
Evident in Babies
3 mins
Ace Your Medicine (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:
Over 1,990,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.
Choose the #1 Medicine (MD/DO) student study app.
Picmonic for Medicine (MD/DO) covers information that is relevant to your entire Medicine (MD/DO) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, COMLEX Level 1, or COMLEX Level 2, we’re here to help.
Works better than traditional Medicine (MD/DO) flashcards.
Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.