Wayne Shared "Pharmacology Bliss 6/2/2024" - 76 Picmonics
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Pharmacology Bliss 6/2/2024
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Targets: Type 1 IgE mediated Hypersensitivity
- Motion Sickness
- Antitussive
- Antiemetic
- Fx: Sedation
- Anticholinergic effects
- Narrow Angle Glaucoma
- Dry Mouth & Tachycardia
- Also blocks Alpha-Adrenergic, Cholinergic and Serotonergic Receptors
- Used to Tx Torticolis (or Benztropine)
First Generation Antihistamines
- Mechanism of Action
- Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
- Indications
- Allergies
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Motion Sickness
- Anaphylaxis
- Drug Names
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Promethazine (Phenergan)
- Chlorpheniramine
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic Effects
2 mins
Second Generation Antihistamines
- Indications
- Allergies
- Mechanism of Action
- Lipophobic
- Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
- Drugs
- Azelastine + Fluticasone (Dymista)
- Intranasal Spray
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Considerations
- Fewer Anticholinergic Effects
- Fewer CNS Effects
2 mins
Promethazine (Phenergan)
- Mechanism
- Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
- Weak Dopamine Antagonist
- Indications
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Motion Sickness
- Side Effects
- Respiratory Depression
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Considerations
- Use Large Bore IV
- Monitor for Tissue Necrosis
2 mins
H2 Receptor Blocker
- "-tidine" Suffix
- Indications
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Peptic Ulcer
- Mechanism
- Block Histamine H2 Receptors
- Parietal Cells
52 secs
Cimetidine and Famotidine (H2 Receptor Blockers)
- -tidine Suffix
- Mechanism
- H2 Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Suppress Gastric Acid Secretion
- Side Effects (All)
- Pneumonia
- Side Effects - Cimetidine
- Anti-androgen Effects
- CNS Changes
2 mins
H2 Receptor Blocker Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Decrease Creatinine Clearance
- Cimetidine
- Crosses Blood-Brain Barrier
- Anti-Androgen
- Inhibits Cytochrome P450
1 min
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Indications
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Mechanism
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Side Effects
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
2 mins
Dinoprostone and Misoprostol
- Mechanism
- Prostaglandins
- Indications
- Promote Cervical Ripening
- Prevent GI Ulcers
- Medical Abortion
- Side Effects
- Fetal Distress
- Hyperstimulation of Uterus
- Considerations
- Vaginal Insertion
- Give Before Induction of Labor
2 mins
Sucralfate (Carafate)
- Mechanism
- Creates Protective Barrier
- Indications
- GI Ulcers
- Side Effects
- Constipation
- Considerations
- Require Acidic Environment
- Give on Empty Stomach
- Oral Suspension Available
- May Decrease Absorption of Other Meds
2 mins
Bismuth subsalicylate
- Aspirin based
- Trade name: Pepto-bismol
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Dark stools
- Contraindicated for children with chickenpox
36 secs
Magnesium Hydroxide
- Clinical Use
- Antacid
- Osmotic Laxative
- Side Effect
- Diarrhea
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hyporeflexia
- Hypotension
- Cardiac Arrest
- Consideration
- Chelating Agent
1 min
Aluminum Hydroxide
- Clinical Use
- Antacid
- Side Effects
- Constipation
- Hypophosphatemia
- Osteodystrophy
- Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Seizures
- Considerations
- Chelating Agent
52 secs
Calcium Carbonate
- Clinical Use
- Antacid
- Dietary Supplement
- Side Effects
- Hypercalcemia
- Milk-Alkali Syndrome
- Rebound Hyperacidity
- Considerations
- Chelating Agent
1 min
Metoclopramide
- Indications
- Antiemetic
- Promotility Agent
- Mechanism
- Increased Resting Tone
- Antagonist at D2 Receptor
- Side Effects
- Parkinsonian Symptoms
- Galactorrhea
- Contraindication
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Parkinson's Disease
2 mins
Aprepitant
- Mechanism
- Substance P Antagonist
- Inhibits NK1 (Neurokinin-1) Receptors in Brain
- Clinical Use
- Antiemetic
- Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Headache
- Anorexia
1 min
Ondansetron
- Indications
- Postoperative Vomiting
- Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
- Mechanism
- 5-HT3 Serotonergic Antagonist
- Centrally-acting Antiemetic
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Constipation
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Anti-emetics
- Chemotherapy + Operative nausea
- Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin antagonists
- ondansetron
- Metoclopramide
- Neurokinin (NK1)
- ****prepitants (aprepitant and fosaprepitant)
- Antimuscarinics
- Scopolamine
- Motion sickness / hyperemesis gravidarum
- Anti-histamines
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Promethazine (Phenergan)
- Meclizine (Antivert)
Buspirone
- Indications
- Generalized Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Releases Dopamine and NE
- Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
- Side Effects
- Low Side Effect Profile
- Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
1 min
Sumatriptan
- Mechanism of Action
- Short Half-Life
- 5-HT Agonist
- Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
- Induces Vasoconstriction
- Indications
- Migraine
- Cluster Headache
- Side Effects
- Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Paresthesias
- Coronary Vasospasm
- Contraindication
- Prinzmetal's Angina
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
3 mins
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