Sinelisiwe Shared "Revision for semester 4 final exam" - 45 Picmonics
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Revision for semester 4 final exam
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
Post-radiation Fibrosis
Endocardial Fibroelastosis
Löffler's or Loeffler's Syndrome with Eosinophilia
Hemochromatosis
2 mins
Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
Major Criteria
Blood Culture Positive
Endocardial Involvement
Minor Criteria
Fever
Immunologic Phenomena
Vascular Phenomena
Predisposition
Microbiological Evidence
Diagnosis
Two Major Criteria, or
One Major and Three Minor Criteria, or
Five Minor Criteria
4 mins
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Chronic Alcohol Abuse
Doxorubicin Toxicity
Cocaine Use
Wet Beriberi
Hemochromatosis
Coxsackie B
Chagas Disease
Peripartum
S3
Eccentric Hypertrophy
2 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Disease
CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS/PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
Hemoptysis
EXTRA-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Extrapulmonary Disease
Addison's Disease
CNS
Liver
Kidneys
GI
Bones
Pott's Disease
3 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Characteristics
Characteristics
Mycolic Acid Cell Wall
Acid-fast
Carbolfuchsin Stain Red
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
Serpentine Cord Factor
Primary TB
Primary TB
Caseating Granuloma
Ghon Focus
Hilar Lymph Nodes
Ghon Complex
Reactivation TB
Reactivation TB
Reactivation in Apex
3 mins
Tuberculosis Intervention
Hospital Care
Airborne Isolation
Drug Therapy
Combination Drug Therapy (RIPE)
6-12 Months
Considerations
DOT
BCG Vaccination
Medication Education
3 Negative Sputum Specimens
Infection Control
2 mins
Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
Delayed Hypersensitivity (Cell Mediated Response)
Intradermal Injection
Read 48-72 hours
Positive Results
≥ 5 mm Induration
Immunosuppressed
≥ 10 mm Induration
High Risk Patients
≥ 15 mm Induration
Considerations
Chest X-Ray
3 mins
Rheumatic Fever
Pathophysiology
Pharyngeal Infection with Strep Pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Aschoff Bodies
Anitschkow's Cells
Early Death Due to Myocarditis
Migratory Polyarthritis
Subcutaneous Nodules
Erythema Marginatum
Chorea
Diagnosis
Elevated ESR
2 mins
Aortic Dissection
Characteristics
Tear in Aortic Intima
Stanford Classification
Type A: Tear of Ascending Aorta
Type B: Tear of Descending Aorta
Risk Factors
Hypertension
Aortic Aneurysm
Marfan Syndrome
Signs/Symptoms
Chest Pain
Blood Pressure Difference Between Arms
Mediastinal Widening
Treatment
Surgery for Type A
Beta Blockers for Type B
2 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Screening
Screen Males 65-75 Who've Ever Smoked
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Treatment
Observation
Asymptomatic and < 5 cm in Size
Surgical Repair
> 5.5 cm in Abdomen
Emergent Surgery
Ruptured or Symptomatic
2 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment
Mechanism
Atherosclerosis
Assessment
Bruit
Pulsation in Abdomen
Abdominal or Lower Back Pain
Tearing Pain
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Considerations
Rupture
Shock
Surgical Repair
1 min
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Characteristics
Elderly Men
Above the Diaphragm
Usually Asymptomatic
Risk Factors
Hypertension
Smoking
Connective Tissue Disorders
Vasculitis
Diagnosis
Chest X-Ray
Chest CT Angiography
Management
Manage Risk Factors
Surgery if Rupture or Dissection
Observation if Asymptomatic
4 mins
Arteriolosclerosis
Characteristics
Small Arteries and Arterioles
Thickening of Arteriole Wall
Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
Hyperplastic
Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia
"Onion Skin" Appearance
Malignant Hypertension
Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
Hyaline
Subendothelial Protein Deposits
Chronic Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Aging
2 mins
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Mechanism
Atherosclerosis
Assessment
Intermittent Claudication
Pain with Exercise
Paresthesias
Arterial Ulcers
Critical Limb Ischemia
Amputation
Consideration
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
2 mins
Pulmonary Hypertension Classification (WHO)
Group 1
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Idiopathic
Hereditary
BMPR2 Mutation
Group 2
Left Heart Disease
Group 3
Lung Diseases or Hypoxia
COPD
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Group 4
Chronic Pulmonary Emboli
Group 5
Multifactorial
2 mins
Pulmonary Hypertension Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Right Heart Cathetherization
> 20 mmHg at Rest
Chest X-Ray
MANAGEMENT
Treat Underlying Disorder
Calcium Channel Blockers
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Prostacyclin Analogs
PDE-5 inhibitors
2 mins
Hypertension Medications
Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Beta Blockers
Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
2 mins
Hypertension Assessment
Mechanism
Essential Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Assessment
Headache
Vision Changes
Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
Chest Pain
Syncope (Fainting)
Diagnosis
Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
Nursing Considerations
Take BP Both Arms
Common in African Americans
2 mins
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
High Sodium Diet
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
People of African Descent
Advanced Age
Vitamin D Deficiency
Reduced Nephron Number
Diabetes
Lack of Physical Activity
2 mins
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Etiologies
Renal Artery Stenosis
Reninoma
Chronic Disease of Liver, Kidney, or Heart
Clinical Features
Edema
Hypertension
Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
Diagnosis
Increased Aldosterone
Increased Renin
Treatment
Treat Underlying Disorder
Aldosterone Antagonists
3 mins
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