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David Shared "Pharm 2 Exam" - 29 Picmonics

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Pharm 2 Exam

Heparin (Unfractionated)
Mechanism of Action
Suppresses Coagulation
Indications
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Pulmonary Embolism
Side Effects
Hemorrhage
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Considerations
Monitor aPTT
Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
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2 mins
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Clotting Factors
Indications
Atrial Fibrillation
Venous Thrombosis
Pulmonary Embolism
Assessment
PT/INR Levels
Observe for Bleeding
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Nursing Considerations
Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma
Prolonged Therapeutic Onset
Maintain Same Diet
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2 mins
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Clotting Factors
Factor Xa
Indications
Clot Formation Prevention
Side Effects
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Bleeding
Considerations
Medication Education
Subcutaneous Injection
2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
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2 mins
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Mechanism of Action
Increases Inotropy
Indications
Heart Failure
Atrial Fibrillation
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Fatigue
Contraindications
Heart Block
Nursing Considerations
Heart Rate Below 60
Hypokalemia
Monitor for Toxicity and Visual Changes
Digibind
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2 mins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Characteristics
-statin Suffix
Mechanism
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Indications
High Cholesterol
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Rash
Rhabdomyolysis
Myopathy
Considerations
Monitor Liver Enzymes
Administer at Bedtime
Avoid Grapefruit
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2 mins
Celecoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Pain
Mechanism of Action
NSAID
Selectively Inhibits COX-2
Side Effects
Sulfa Allergy
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
GI Bleed
Contraindication
Pregnancy > 30 Weeks
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1 min
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
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1 min
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Mechanisms
NSAID
COX Inhibitor
Indications
General Pain
Fever
Inflammatory Conditions
Side Effects
GI Ulcers
Nephrotoxicity
Rash
Considerations
Avoid with Alcohol
Risk of Thrombotic Event
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2 mins
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Mechanism
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
NSAID
Indications
Thrombotic Event Prevention
General Pain
Inflammatory Conditions
Fever
Side Effects
Pancytopenia
GI Ulcers
Bleeding
Considerations
Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
Reye's Syndrome
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2 mins
INR Lab Value
0.8-1.2 Normal Range
Warfarin
2.0-3.0
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1 min
Nitroglycerin
Mechanism of Action
Decreases Preload
Indications
Angina
Up to 3 doses q 5 mins
Side Effects
Headache
Hypotension
Contraindications
Viagra (Sildenafil)
Nursing Considerations
Assess Blood Pressure
Protect From Light
Use Glass Bottle and Special Tubing
Gloves for Applying Topically
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2 mins
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Mechanism of Action
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Essential Hypertension
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Constipation
Peripheral Edema
Gingival Hyperplasia
Nursing Consideration
Medication Education
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2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
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1 min
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Indications
Severe Hypertension
CHF
Reduced Afterload
Pregnancy
Mechanism of Action
Vasodilates Arterioles
Side Effects
Drug-induced Lupus
Reflex Tachycardia
Hypotension
Considerations
Combined with Diuretic and Beta Blocker
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1 min
Acetaminophen
Indications
Fever
Pain
Mechanism of Action
Reversibly Inhibits COX
Acts Primarily in CNS
Side Effect
Hepatic Necrosis
N-acetylcysteine Antidote
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51 secs
Morphine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Pain
Myocardial Infarction
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
CNS Depression
Biliary Colic
Constipation
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pupillary Constriction
Hypotension
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2 mins
Buprenorphine-Naloxone (Suboxone)
Mechanism of Action
Combination Drug
Partial Opioid Receptor Agonist (Buprenorphine)
Opioid Receptor Antagonist (Naloxone)
Indication
Opioid Use Disorder
Side Effects
CNS Depression
Diaphoresis
Hypotension
Considerations
Low Abuse Potential
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2 mins
Sumatriptan
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
5-HT Agonist
Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
Induces Vasoconstriction
Indications
Migraine
Cluster Headache
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
Paresthesias
Coronary Vasospasm
Contraindication
Prinzmetal's Angina
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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3 mins
Osmotic Laxatives
Mechanism of Action
Increases Osmotic Load
Indications
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Constipation
Drugs
Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium Citrate
Polyethylene Glycol
Sorbitol
Lactulose
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Considerations
Misused in Bulimia Nervosa
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2 mins
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Mechanism
2nd Generation Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Side Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea and Vomiting
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Low Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Lowest Risk of Weight Gain
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2 mins

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