Natalie Shared "Neuro Part 1 - Patho" - 24 Picmonics
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Neuro Part 1 - Patho
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
- Cause/Mechanism
- Maternal Infections
- Fetal Hypoxia
- Assessment
- Developmental Delay
- Neurological Dysfunction
- Spasticity
- Dysphagia
- Interventions
- Muscle Relaxants
- Muscle Exercises
- Assistive Devices
- Braces
2 mins
CSF Lab Values: Normal
- Pressure: < 20 cm H2O
- Color/Appearance: Clear or Colorless
- Proteins: < 40 mg/dL
- Lactate Dehydrogenase: 10% of Serum Level
- Cells: 0-5 Small Lymphocytes
- Glucose: 40-70 mg/dL
2 mins
Hydrocephalus
- Cause
- Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
- Assessment
- Signs of Increased ICP
- Infant Assessment
- High Pitched Cry
- Irritability
- Opisthotonus
- Increased Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Setting Sun Sign
- Interventions
- Seizure Precautions
- Elevate HOB
- CSF Shunt
2 mins
Meningitis Assessment
- Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Infants and Young Children
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
2 mins
Meningitis Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
2 mins
Common Causes of Meningitis: Adolescent and Adult (6 - 60 Years Old)
- Enteroviruses
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Neisseria meningitidis (#1 Cause in Teens)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
1 min
Spina Bifida Assessment
- Cause
- Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
- Assessment
- Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
- Lumbar Sac
- Hydrocephalus
- Paralysis
- Considerations
- Identify Type
2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
- Surgery
- Prone Position
- Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
- Measure Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Considerations
- Other Congenital Malformations Common
- Bowel Control
- Neurogenic Bladder
2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Headache
- Cushings Triad
- Irregular Respirations
- Widening Pulse Pressure
- Bradycardia
- Projectile Vomiting
- Abnormal Pupils
- Papilledema
- Posturing
2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Nerve Fiber Demyelination
- Assessment
- Motor Issues
- Cerebellar Signs
- Fatigue
- Paresthesias
- Spasticity
- Urinary Incontinence
- Optic Neuritis
- Considerations
- Women Between 20-50 Years Old
- Relapse and Remission of Symptoms
2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- Corticosteroids
- Interferon Beta
- Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)
- Fingolimod (Gilenya)
- Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
- Natalizumab (Tysabri)
- Considerations
- Increase Exercise
- Identify Triggers
2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Assessment
- Progressive Muscle Weakness
- Systemic Muscle Wasting
- Fasciculations
- Spasticity
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Riluzole (Rilutek)
- Stretching
- Little to No Cognitive Decline
- Respiratory Support
- Palliative Care
2 mins
Myasthenia Gravis Assessment
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Diplopia
- Ptosis
- Dysphagia
- Difficulty Speaking
- Fatigue
- Complications
- Cholinergic Crisis
- Overmedicated
- Myasthenic Crisis
- Not Enough Medication
- Respiratory Muscle Paralysis
2 mins
Indirect Cholinomimetics
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Doesn't Cross BBB
- Edrophonium
- Myasthenia Gravis (Diagnosis)
- Pyridostigmine and Neostigmine
- Myasthenia Gravis (Tx)
- Ileus
- Crosses BBB
- Physostigmine
- Atropine Overdose
- Glaucoma
- Donepezil
- Alzheimer's
2 mins
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Simple Partial
- Complex Partial
2 mins
Seizure Interventions
- Maintain Airway
- Side-lying Position
- Support Head
- Move to Floor
- Benzodiazepines
- Considerations
- Never Restrain
- No Objects in Mouth
- Document Details
2 mins
Seizure Precautions
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Identify Triggers
- Aura
- Pad Side Rails
- Bed Lowest Position
- Oxygen and Suction Available
- Consideration
- Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Assessment)
- Intoxication
- CNS Depression
- Withdrawal
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Medical Complications
- GI Distress
- Cardiomyopathy
- Pancreatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Immunosuppression
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Considerations
- Screening (Assessments)
3 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Interventions)
- Withdrawal
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Antianxiety Medications
- Vitamin Supplements
- Seizure Precautions
- Suicide Precautions
- Fever
- Considerations
- Identify Support Systems
- Group Therapy
- Disulfiram
- Naltrexone
2 mins
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Mechanism
- Blocks Na+ Channels
- Indications
- Tonic-clonic Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Nystagmus
- Sedation
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Purple Glove Syndrome
- Hirsutism
- Rash
- Anemia
- Considerations
- Individualized Dosing
2 mins
