christian Shared "oncology" - 133 Picmonics
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oncology
Meningioma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common Adult Primary Brain Tumor
- pathology
- Benign
- Originate from Arachnoid Villi
- Dural Attachment
- Parasagittal
- Clinical Manifestations
- Contralateral Leg Weakness
- Seizures
- Diagnosis
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calcifications
- Increased Bone Density
3 mins
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
- Occurs Most Commonly in Kids
- Posterior Fossa
- Cerebellum
- Well Circumscribed
- GFAP
- Rosenthal Fibers
- Eosinophilic Corkscrew Fibers
1 min
Glioblastoma Multiforme
- Most Common Malignant Primary Brain Tumor
- Grade 4 Astrocytoma
- Can Cross Corpus Callosum
- Butterfly Glioma
- Pseudo-palisading Tumor Cells
- Areas of Necrosis and Hemorrhage
- Stain Astrocytes for Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
- Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Ependymoma
- Occur in Children
- Fourth Ventricle
- Hydrocephalus
- Perivascular Pseudorosettes
- Rod Shaped Blepharoplasts
- Cauda Equina in Adults
- Poor Prognosis
- Neurofibromatosis Type II
2 mins
Oligodendroglioma
- Slow growing tumor
- Frontal lobe
- Chicken Wire Pattern
- Fried egg appearance
- Calcifications
32 secs
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Chromosome 17
- Signs and Symptoms
- Neurofibromas
- Optic Glioma
- Lisch Nodules
- Hamartomas
- Cafe Au Lait Spots
- Scoliosis
- Pheochromocytoma
4 mins
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal-Dominant
- Chromosome 22
- Signs and Symptoms
- Vestibular Schwannoma
- Meningioma
- Ependymoma
- Cafe Au Lait Spots
- Cataracts
2 mins
Medulloblastoma
- Pathophysiology
- Occurs in Children
- Cerebellum
- Fourth Ventricle
- Diagnosis
- Small Blue Cells
- Lots of Mitotic Figures
- Homer Wright Rosettes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hydrocephalus
- Ataxia
- Wide-based Gait
- Treatment
- Radiosensitive
2 mins
Craniopharyngioma
- Hypopituitarism
- Remnants of Rathke's Pouch
- Tooth-enamel Like Calcification
- Cholesterol Crystals
- Yellow Viscous Fluid
- Headache
- Bitemporal Hemianopsia
1 min
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Most Common Thyroid Cancer
- Excellent Prognosis
- Lymphatic Spread
- Diagnosis
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- Empty Nuclei with Central Clearing
- Psammoma Bodies
- Risk Factors
- Head and Neck Radiation
- RET and BRAF Mutations
- Gardner Syndrome
- Cowden Syndrome
2 mins
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Most Common to Present as Solitary Cold Nodule
- Hematogenous Spread
- Good Prognosis
- Histological findings
- Uniform Follicles
- May Invade Capsule
- Risk factors
- Head and Neck Radiation
1 min
Thyroid Nodule Assessment
- Initial Tests
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Ultrasound
- Normal / Elevated TSH
- Fine Needle Aspiration
- Most Accurate Test
- Decreased TSH
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
- Hot Nodules Rarely Malignant
- Free T3 and T4
- Considerations
- Repeat Ultrasound 6 -18 Months
2 mins
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Sporadic and Familial Types
- Arises from Parafollicular C cells
- Produces Calcitonin
- Hypocalcemia
- May Produce ACTH
- Diagnosis
- Sheets of Cells With Amyloid Deposition
- Increased Calcitonin with Pentagastrin Infusion
- Risk Factors
- MEN 2A and 2B
2 mins
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Most Common Lung Cancer
- Most Common in Nonsmokers
- Peripheral Location
- KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
- Diagnosis
- Glandular Pattern
- Often Stains with Mucin
- Clinical Features
- Presents with Hemoptysis
- Clubbing
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- More Common in Men
- Central Location
- Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum
- PTHrP Causes Hypercalcemia
- Diagnosis
- Keratin Pearls
- Intercellular Bridges
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection (if Early Stage)
- Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage)
2 mins
Stomach Cancer
- Adenocarcinoma
- Intestinal Type
- Intestinal Type
- Smoked Foods Containing Nitrosamines
- Achlorhydria
- Type A Blood
- Helicobacter pylori
- Diffuse Type
- Diffuse Type
- Signet Ring Cells
- Linitis Plastica (Leather Bottle Stomach)
- Assessment
- Acanthosis Nigricans
- Left Supraclavicular Lymph Node
- Virchow's Node
- Subcutaneous Periumbilical Mets
- Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule
- Complications
- Bilateral mets to ovaries
- Krukenberg's tumor
3 mins
Carcinoid Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Neuroendocrine Cells
- Serotonin
- Appendix
- Diagnosis
- Chromogranin A
- Neuron Specific Enolase
- Dense Core Bodies on EM
- Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms When Metastasize to Liver
- Flushing
- Wheezing
- Right Heart Murmur
- Diarrhea
4 mins
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Labs and Treatment
- Labs
- Increased Conjugated Bilirubin
- Increased ALK-P
- Increased IgM
- Associated Pathologies
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis
- Treatment
- Liver Transplant
- Stent
2 mins
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune Destruction of Bile Ducts
- Intrahepatic bile ducts
- Cholestasis
- Occurs in Middle-Aged Females
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Pruritus
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Hepatomegaly
3 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 3
- Presentation
- Hemangioblastomas
- Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
- Cysts
- Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
- Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
- Pheochromocytomas
2 mins
