Erica Shared "PHARM TEST II" - 46 Picmonics
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PHARM TEST II
Insulin
- Rapid Acting
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
- Short Acting
- Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
- Intermediate Acting
- Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
- Long Acting
- Detemir (Levemir)
- Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
Metformin (Glucophage)
- Mechanism
- Decrease Glucose Production
- Increase Insulin Sensitivity
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Decreased Appetite
- Lactic Acidosis
- Considerations
- IV Contrast
- Limit Alcohol Consumption
2 mins
Mixing NPH and Regular Insulin for Injection
- Verify Order
- Roll NPH Insulin
- Alcohol to Multiuse Vials
- Inject Air into NPH Insulin (Cloudy)
- Inject Air into Regular Insulin (Clear)
- Withdraw Regular Insulin Units
- Withdraw NPH Units
- Verify with 2nd Nurse
- Discard if Error
3 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
- Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- More Potent
- Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
- Avoid Alcohol
- Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza) (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
- -gliptin Suffix
- Mechanisms
- DPP-4 Inhibitor
- Increases Insulin Release
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Pancreatitis
- Upper Respiratory Infection and Inflammation
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Considerations
- Used as Add-on Agents
2 mins
Exenatide (Byetta)
- Mechanism
- Incretin Mimetic
- GLP-1 Synthetic Analog
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Thyroid Cancer
- Pancreatitis
- Renal Failure
- Considerations
- (Give Exenatide) One Hour After Other Medications
- Adjunct Therapy
3 mins
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
- Mechanism
- Increases Glucose
- Indications
- Hypoglycemic Emergency
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Reconstitute Powder
- Consume Oral Carbohydrates
- 50% Dextrose IV (If No Effect)
2 mins
Hypoglycemia Assessment
- Mechanism
- Too much insulin
- Decreased glucose
- Assessment
- < 70 mg/dL
- Change in LOC
- Lethargic
- Confusion and Irritability
- Tremors
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Vision Changes
- Weakness
- Seizures
2 mins
Hyperglycemia
- Mechanism
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
1 min
Diabetes Education
- Self-Monitoring (Blood Glucose)
- SubQ Injection Technique
- Lifestyle Changes
- Symptoms of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
- Sick Day Care
- Foot Care
- Exercise Therapy
- Medication
1 min
Diabetes Assessment
- Assessment Type 1
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Assessment Type 2
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Complications
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
2 mins
Diabetes Interventions
- Early Diagnosis
- Insulin
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- Glucose Monitoring
- Routine Exercise
- Diabetic Diet
- Monitor for Complications
- Insulin Therapy
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
2 mins
Thyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
- Metabolism Regulation
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Calcitonin Release
- Blood Calcium Decreases
- Bone Building
2 mins
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
- Characteristics
- Adrenal Cortex
- RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
- CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
- Cortisol Released
- Androgens Released
- Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Hypothyroidism Assessment
- Assessment
- Weight Gain - Edema
- Lethargy
- Cold Intolerance
- Bradycardia
- Hypertension
- Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
- Constipation
- Goiter
- Prolonged Menses
- Slowed Thinking
- Diagnostic Tests
- Decreased Free T4
- Increased TSH
2 mins
Hypothyroidism Intervention
- Medications
- Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- Liothyronine (Cytomel)
- Complication
- Myxedema Coma
- Nursing Considerations
- Lifelong Replacement Hormone
- Monitor Vital Signs
- Fluids and Fiber
- Low Calorie, Low Fat Diet
- Medication Education
- No Switching Brands
2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
- Assessment
- Heat Intolerance
- Exophthalmos
- Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
- Tremors
- Goiter
- Diarrhea
- Weight Loss
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Amenorrhea
- Diagnosis
- Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- Propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Methimazole (Tapazole)
- Iodine
- Beta Blockers
- Other Therapies
- Radioiodine Ablation
- Thyroidectomy
- Complications
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Post-Surgery Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- Mechanism
- Synthetic T4
- Indications
- Hypothyroidism
- Side Effects
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Tremors
- Heat Intolerance
- Insomnia
- Tachycardia
- Considerations
- Do Not Use for Obesity
- TSH Monitoring
2 mins
Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole (MMI)
- Indications
- Hyperthyroidism
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase
- PTU Blocks Peripheral Conversion of T4 to T3
- Side Effects
- Agranulocytosis
- Skin Rash
- Hepatotoxicity (PTU)
- Teratogen (MMI)
1 min
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