Daniel Shared "Renal Part 2" - 35 Picmonics
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Renal Part 2
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- Characteristics
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Hyperventilation
- High Altitude
- Aspirin
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pregnancy
- Progesterone
- Rib Fracture
- Anxiety
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis
- Hypoventilation
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Barbiturates Depress Central Respiratory Center of Brain
- Opioids Depress Central Respiratory Center of the Brain
- Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Muscle Weakness/Paralysis
3 mins
Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diuretic use
- Vomiting
- Antacid
- Hyperaldosteronism
26 secs
Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Stop Potassium (K+) Wasting Diuretics
- Spironolactone
- Acetazolamide
- IV Fluids
- Sodium Chloride
- Replace Potassium (K+)
- Considerations
- Monitor Respiratory Rate
- Monitor Heart Rate
- Seizure Precautions
2 mins
Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- HARD-ASS
- Hyperalimentation
- Addison's Disease
- Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Acetazolamide
- Spironolactone
- Saline Infusion
2 mins
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Anion Gap
- MUDPILES
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid or Iron
- Lactic Acid
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
1 min
Dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- Rapid Shifts of Fluid and Electrolytes
- Disequilibrium Syndrome
- Hypotension
- NO BP IN ARM with Shunt or Fistula
- Assess for Thrill and Bruit
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Slow Process
- Peritonitis
- Loss of Protein
- Hyperglycemia
3 mins
Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
- Signs and Symptoms
- AEIOU Mnemonic
- Acidosis
- pH < 7.1
- Electrolyte Imbalances
- Symptomatic Hyperkalemia
- > 6.5 mEq/L
- Ingestion
- Overload (Volume)
- Uremia
- Encephalitis
- Pericarditis
2 mins
Acute Tubular Necrosis
- ETIOLOGY
- Ischemic Injury
- Nephrotoxic Injury
- HISTOLOGY
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Signs & Symptoms
- Intrinsic Renal Failure
- Oliguric Phase
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Hyperkalemia
- Increase in BUN and Creatinine
- Polyuria Phase
- Decrease in BUN and Creatinine
- Hypokalemia
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
3 mins
Functional Incontinence
- Symptoms
- Increased Urinary Volume
- Unable to Timely Urinate
- Pathophysiology
- Dementia
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- Immobility
- Treatment
- Scheduled Voiding
1 min
Urge Incontinence
- Symptoms
- Strong Urge To Void
- Unable To Void Quickly Enough
- Nocturia
- Increased Frequency
- Small Volume Voids
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Detrusor Muscle Activity
- Treatment
- Avoid Caffeine & Alcohol
- Anticholinergics
- Mirabegron
- Botox
- Sacral Neuromodulation
2 mins
Overflow Incontinence
- Symptoms
- Increased Residual Urine Volume
- Involuntary Urine Dribble
- Urinary Frequency
- Pathophysiology
- Nerve Lesions Cause Bladder Atony
- Bladder Outlet Obstruction
- Weak Detrusor Muscles
- Treatment
- Bethanechol
- Catheterization
- Sacral Neuromodulation
2 mins
Stress Incontinence
- Symptoms
- Urine Leak with Movement
- Cough or Sneeze
- Increased Intra-abdominal pressure
- Pathophysiology
- Laxity of Pelvic Floor Muscles
- Urethral Sphincter Insufficiency
- Treatment
- Kegel Exercises
- Pessaries
- Alpha-adrenergic Agonists
- Surgery
- Associations
- History of Vaginal Birth
- Cystocele
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 1/2)
- Calcium Oxalate
- Calcium Oxalate
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Ethylene Glycol
- Vitamin C
- "Dumbbell", Bipyramidal, or Octahedral-shaped
- Radiopaque
- Uric Acid
- Uric Acid
- Gout
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Rhomboidal, Rosette, or Needle-shaped
- Radiolucent
- Decreased Urine pH
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 2/2)
- Struvite
- Struvite (Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate)
- Urinary Tract Infections
- "Coffin Lid" Appearance
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
- Calcium Phosphate
- Calcium Phosphate
- Hypercalcemia
- Wedge-shaped Prisms
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
2 mins
Renal Oncocytoma
- Characteristics
- Benign Epithelial Tumor
- Central Radial Scar
- Excessive Mitochondria
- Renal Cortex
- Clinical Features
- Hematuria
- Flank Pain
- Abdominal Mass
- Considerations
- Malignant Transformation
- Surgical Resection
2 mins
Renal Cell Carcinoma Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 3
- VHL Gene
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Nephrolithiasis
- Chronic Analgesic Use
- Subtypes
- Clear Cell
- Papillary
- Chromophobic
2 mins
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Cause
- Malignant Renal Tumor
- Assessment
- Abdominal Mass
- Hematuria
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Interventions
- Nephrectomy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Considerations
- Do Not Palpate Abdomen
- Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Clinical Features
- Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Chronic Cystitis
- Schistosoma
- Chronic Nephrolithiasis
- Clinical Findings
- Painless Hematuria
- Urinary Frequency and Urgency
1 min
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