Addison Shared "Exam 2" - 65 Picmonics
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Exam 2
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
- Mechanism
- Rapid Increase in IOP
- Signs and Symptoms
- Rapid Onset
- Pain
- Blurred Vision
- Halos Around Lights
- Nausea and Vomiting
- IOP over 30 mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
1 min
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG - Chronic)
- Mechanism
- Flow of Aqueous Humor Slowed
- Signs and Symptoms
- Slow Onset
- No Pain
- Tunnel Vision
- IOP 22-32mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
1 min
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
Detached Retina
- Assessment
- Flashes of Light
- Floaters
- Curtain Like Shadow
- Interventions
- Eye Patch
- Bed Rest
- Surgical Emergency
- Considerations
- No Vigorous Activity
2 mins
Meniere's Disease
- Mechanism
- Excess Endolymph
- Signs and Symptoms
- Tinnitus
- One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Vertigo
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Meclizine (Antivert)
- Low Salt Diet
- Surgery
2 mins
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
- Cause/Mechanism
- Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Assessment
- Linear, Unilateral Rash Along a Dermatome
- Pruritus
- Postherpetic Neuralgia
- Interventions
- Acyclovir
- Analgesics
- Gabapentin
- Considerations
- Contagious Vesicles
- Shingrix
3 mins
Candida Albicans
- Fungi
- Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
- Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
- Pruritic Vaginitis
- White Cottage Cheese Discharge
- Fiery Red Mucosa
- Diabetics
- Antibiotic Use
- Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
- Diaper Rash
- Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Scabies
- Pathophysiology
- Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
- Signs & Symptoms
- Pruritus
- Papules with Burrows
- Webs of Fingers and Toes
- Axilla and Nipples
- Diagnosis
- Skin Scraping
- Dermoscopy
- Mites and Eggs on Magnification
- Treatment
- Permethrin Cream
- Oral Ivermectin
- Lindane Cream
- Considerations
- Wash All Linens In Hot Water
3 mins
Psoriasis
- Presentation
- Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
- Defined Red Salmon Plaques
- Silvery Scales
- Extensor Surfaces
- Bleeding when Removed
- Auspitz Sign
- Pruritus
- Nail Changes
- Histological Finding
- Munro Microabscesses
- Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
- Treatment
- Retinoids
- Topical Corticosteroids
- Tar
- Immunosuppressants
2 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
- Asymmetry
- Border
- Color
- Diameter
- Evolving
1 min
Asthma Assessment
- Assessment
- Triggers (Cold air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Tachypnea and Tachycardia
- Wheezing
- Diaphoresis
- Accessory Muscles
- Decreased Pulmonary Function Tests
2 mins
Asthma Implementation and Education
- Medication
- Oxygen
- Corticosteroids
- Ipratropium (Anticholinergic)
- Albuterol
- Implementation
- Inhaler/nebulizer
- Pulse Oximetry
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Education
- Carry Inhaler
- Rinse Mouth after Inhaler
- Identify Trigger (Cold Air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
2 mins
Stages of Asthma Treatments
- Mild Intermittent
- Short-acting Inhaled Beta-Agonist
- Mild Persistent
- Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Montelukast (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)
- Moderate Persistent
- Low to Medium-dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Zileuton
- Severe Persistent
- High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Systemic Corticosteroids
- Omalizumab (Allergies)
2 mins
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Causes
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Assessment
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Considerations
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis Assessment
- Clinical Findings
- Chronic Productive Cough
- > 3 Months for 2 Years
- Increased Mucus Production
- Dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Wheezes
- Complications
- Right Side Heart Failure
- Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
- Peripheral Edema
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis Interventions
- Tripod Position
- Humidified Oxygen
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Increase Fluid Intake
- ABGs
- Early Detection of Exacerbation
- Considerations
- Lowest O2 Therapy
- Assisted Ventilation
- Increased Infection Risk
2 mins
Emphysema
- Mechanism
- Hyperinflation and Loss of Elasticity
- Assessment
- Pursed Lip Breathing
- Barrel Chest
- Dyspnea on Exertion
- Clubbing
- Depression and Anxiety
- Thin Appearance
- Nursing Considerations
- CO2 Retention
- Low Concentration of O2
- High Fowler's Position
- High Calorie, High Protein Diet
2 mins
Coagulation Cascade Overview
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Clotting Overview
- Characteristics
- Endothelial Cells are Damaged
- Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
- Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
- More Platelets are Attracted
- Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
- Fibrin Seals the Clot
- Clot Dissolves
- Liver Produces Clotting Factors
2 mins
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