Juan Shared "Boards: RENAL" - 114 Picmonics
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Boards: RENAL
Bartter Syndrome
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defective Na+/K+/2Cl- Co-transporter
- Thick Ascending Limb Of Loop Of Henle
- Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
- Symptoms
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Hypercalciuria
- Treatment
- NSAIDS
- Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Blood Acid-Base Control
- Characteristics
- In a State of Acidemia
- Medullary Chemoreceptors Control Ventilation Rate
- Expulsion of CO2 through Lungs Increases pH
- Bicarbonate Reabsorption from the Kidney Increases pH
- Kidney Excretion of H+ Increases pH
2 mins
Blood Glucose Lab Value
- 70-100 mg/dL
25 secs
Collecting Duct
- Characteristics
- Na+ Reabsorption
- Vasopressin Causes Water reabsorption
- Concentrates Filtrate
2 mins
Distal Tubule
- Characteristics
- Hormonally Regulated
- Aldosterone Causes Na+ Reabsorption
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Water follows Na+
- Parathyroid Hormone Causes Ca2+ Reabsorption
- Leads to Collecting Duct
1 min
Dopamine
- Indications
- Heart Failure
- Shock
- Unstable Bradycardia
- Mechanism of Action
- Alpha 1 Agonist (at high doses)
- Induces Vasoconstriction
- Beta-1 & 2 Agonist
- Dopamine 1 and 2 Agonist
- Side Effects
- Arrhythmias
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Kidney Damage
- Gangrene
3 mins
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Hereditary Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Acquired and Medication Causes
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma
2 mins
Fanconi Syndrome Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Resorption Defect in Proximal Tubule
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypophosphatemia
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Bicarbonate
1 min
Gitelman Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defective Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter in Distal Tubule
- Mechanism Mimics Thiazide Diuretics
- Clinical Presentation
- Cramping and Tetany
- Severe Fatigue
- Polyuria
- Diagnosis
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- High Urine Chloride
- Treatment
- Electrolyte Supplements
- Spironolactone
5 mins
Hyponatremia
- Assessment
- < 135 mEq Na+
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Decreased LOC
- Confusion / Lethargy
- Seizures
- Priority Interventions
- Assess Airway
- Reduce Diuretic Dosage
- Fluid Excess Hyponatremia
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Fluid Restriction
- Fluid Deficit Hyponatremia
- Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)
2 mins
Liddle Syndrome
- ETIOLOGY
- Autosomal Dominant
- Occur in children
- Pathophysiology
- Beta and Gamma subunits in ENaC Channel mutations
- SCNN1B and SCNN1G gene mutation on Chromosome 16p
- Clinical Manifestations
- Hypertension
- Diagnosis
- Hypokalemia plus Metabolic Alkalosis
- Decreased Renin and Decreased Aldosterone
- Treatment
- Amiloride
- Triamterene
Loop of Henle
- Characteristics
- Descending Limb
- Water Follows Na+
- Medullary Hypertonicity
- Increased Water Reabsorption
- Vasa Recta
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Ascending Limb
- Reabsorbs Na+, K+, Cl-
- Decreased Concentration of Filtrate
- Impermeable to Water
- Distal Tubule
2 mins
Normal Electrolyte Lab Values
- Potassium (K+)
- 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
- Phosphate (PO43–)
- 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
- Magnesium (Mg2+)
- 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
- Sodium (Na+)
- 135 to 145 mEq/L
- Chloride (Cl–)
- 95 to 105 mEq/L
2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
- Characteristics
- Blood Calcium Sensor
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Bone Resorption
- Blood Calcium Increases
- Vitamin D Activation
- Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
1 min
Proximal Tubule
- Characteristics
- Na+ Reabsorbed Via Active Transport
- Water Follows Na+
- Most Of Glucose Reabsorbed
- Most Of Amino Acids Reabsorbed
- Bicarbonate Exchanged For H+
- Drugs and Toxins Excreted
- Filtrate Osmolarity Same As Plasma
- Leads To Loop Of Henle
2 mins
Renal Corpuscle
- Characteristics
- Arterioles
- Glomerulus
- Capillaries
- Fenestrations
- Plasma Solutes and Other Small Molecules Become Ultrafiltrate
- Bowman's Capsule Encapsulates Glomerulus
2 mins
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- RAAS Activators
- Hypotension
- Decreased NaCl delivery to Macula Densa
- Increased Sympathetic Tone (Beta-1 receptors)
- Renin Effects
- Juxtaglomerular Cells release Renin
- Renin converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
- Kidneys and Lungs produce ACE
- ACE breaksdown Bradykinin
- Angiotensin II
2 mins
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - Effects of Angiotensin II
- Effects in CNS
- Hypothalamus Increases Thirst
- Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin
- Effects in adrenal gland
- Adrenal gland releases Aldosterone
- effects in kidney
- Increases Na+/H+ activity in PCT
- effections on efferent arteriole
- Efferent Arteriole Vasconscriction
- effects on blood pressure
- Induces Vasoconstriction
3 mins
Sodium (Na+) Lab Value
- 135-145 mEq/L
24 secs
Vitamin D Metabolism/Mechanism
- Mechanism Of Action
- Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Plant Sources
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Sunlight Conversion in Skin
- 7-Dehydrocholesterol
- Liver Hydroxylation
- 25-(OH) D (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
- Storage Form
- Kidney Hydroxylation
- 1,25-(OH)2 D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
- Active Form Calcitriol
- Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus in Intestine
4 mins
