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Car1
Neuron Action Potential Initiation
Characteristics
Summation of Signals
-50 mV Threshold Value Reached
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Open
Local Depolarization
Na+ Influx
Potassium Channels open
Repolarization
2 mins
Neuron Action Potential Propagation
Characteristics
Unidirectional Depolarization
Absolute Refractory Period In Preceding Na+ Channels
Neighboring Voltage Gate Channels Open
Nodes of Ranvier
Myelination Increases Propagation Speed
Saltatory Conduction
3 mins
Neuron Resting Potential
Characteristics
More Na+ Outside
Sodium-Potassium Pump
K+ Leaks Out
More K+ Inside
About -70mV
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels are Closed
2 mins
Norepinephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha Agonist
Beta1 Agonist
Indications
Hypotension
Side Effect
Decreases Renal Blood Flow
1 min
Alpha Agonists
-RINE suffix
Norepinephrine
Hypotension
Phenylephrine
Hypotension
Congestion
Ephedrine
Congestion
Urinary Incontinence
Hypotension
Epinephrine
Anaphylaxis and Asthma
Hypotension
1 min
Alpha-2 Agonists (Sympathoplegics)
Indications
Hypertension
Renal disease
Mechanism of Action
Centrally acting Alpha-2 Agonist
Drugs
Clonidine
Rebound Hypertension
Alpha-Methyldopa
Pregnancy
Coombs (+) Hemolytic Anemia
SLE Like Syndrome
2 mins
Atropine
Indications
Blocks DUMBBeLSS
Bradycardia
Side Effects
Skin Flushing
Increased Temperature
Dry Mouth
Cycloplegia
Disorientation
Mydriasis
1 min
Beta-1 Agonists
Dobutamine
Heart Failure
Cardiac Stress Test
Isoproterenol
Bradyarrhythmias
Torsades de Pointes
58 secs
Beta-2 Agonists
Short-term Treatment
Terbutaline
Asthma
Tocolysis
Albuterol
Asthma
Long-term Treatment
Salmeterol
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
3 mins
Epinephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha Agonist
Beta Agonist
Indications
Hypotension
Anaphylaxis
Allergy
Glaucoma
45 secs
Nonselective Alpha-Blockers
Indications
Phentolamine
Reversible
Pheochromocytoma (Diagnosis)
Hypertensive Crisis
Phenoxybenzamine
Pheochromocytoma (Treatment)
Side Effects
Orthostatic Hypotension
Reflex Tachycardia
2 mins
Nonselective Beta-Blockers
"-olol" Suffix
Nonselective
Propranolol
Timolol
Nadolol
Partial β Agonist
Pindolol
Nonselective β with α Blocking
Carvedilol
Labetalol
2 mins
Phenylephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha-1 Agonist
Indications
Mydriatic
Rhinitis
Hypotension
Decreased Chronotropy and Inotropy
2 mins
Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
"-osin" suffix
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Side Effects
Syncope
Orthostatic Hypotension
1 min
Selective Alpha-2 Blockers
Mirtazapine
Indications
Depression Treatment
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Alpha2 Receptor
Antagonist at 5-HT receptors
Side Effects
Sedation
Weight gain
Increased Serum Cholesterol
1 min
Selective Beta-1 Blockers
Characteristics
"-olol" Suffix
Drug Names
Beta-1 Selective
Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
Partial Beta agonists
Acebutolol
1 min
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Alpha 1 Receptor
Characteristics
Gq Subunit
Increase Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
Increase Pupillary Dilator Muscle Contraction
Increase Intestinal and Bladder Sphincter Muscle Contraction
1 min
Alpha 2 Receptor
Characteristics
Gi Subunit
Decrease Sympathetic Outflow
Decrease Insulin Release
Decrease Lipolysis
Increase Platelet Aggregation
Decrease Aqueous Humor Production
2 mins
Beta-1 Receptor
Characteristics
Gs Protein Class
Increased Heart Rate
Increased Contractility
Increase Renin Release
Increased Lipolysis
44 secs
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