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Ken Shared "Collaboration for 100% First Aid coverage" - 30 Picmonics

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Collaboration for 100% First Aid coverage

Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Pathophysiology
Defective Nucleotide Excision Repair
Complications
Extreme Light Sensitivity
Dark Freckles on Skin
Pale, Dry Skin
Susceptible to UV Rays A and B
Corneal Ulcers
Increased Risk of Skin Cancer
Some Patients Present Progressive Neurodegeneration
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2 mins
Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Recessive
PATHOGENESIS
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPL)
Altered Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II)
Lab Findings
Increased Chylomicrons
Increased Cholesterol
Increased Triglycerides
Symptoms/Findings
Pancreatitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
No Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis
Eruptive/Pruritic Xanthomas
Milky White Appearance of Blood When Drawn
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3 mins
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Dominant
PATHOGENESIS
Defective or Absent LDL Receptors
Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100)
Lab Findings
Increased LDL
Decreased HDL
Type IIb also has Increased VLDL
Symptoms/Findings
Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Achilles Tendon Xanthomas
Xanthelasma
Corneal Arcus
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4 mins
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Recessive
PATHOGENESIS
Defective Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)
Lab Findings
Increased Chylomicrons
Increased VLDL
Symptoms/Findings
Premature atherosclerosis
Tuberoeruptive xanthomas
Palmar xanthomas
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3 mins
Hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Dominant
pathogenesis
Hepatic Overproduction of VLDL
Related to Insulin Resistance
Lab Findings
Increased VLDL
Increased Triglycerides (> 1000 mg/dL)
Symptoms/Findings
Acute Pancreatitis
Eruptive Xanthomas
Increased Risk for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Increased Risk of Peripheral Vascular Disease
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3 mins
Live Vaccines
Vaccines
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Sabin Polio (Oral)
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Influenza Intranasal
MMR
MMR: Only Live Attenuated Vaccine That Can Be Given To AIDS Patients
General Characteristics
Induce Humoral And Cell Mediated Immunity
May Revert To Virulent Form
Do Not Require Boosters
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4 mins
Killed Vaccines
Induce Humoral Immunity
Require Booster Shots
Influenza (Injected)
Salk Polio (Injected)
Hepatitis A
Rabies
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3 mins
Subunit Vaccines
Consist of Specific Parts of a Pathogen
Hepatitis B Antigen
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Pneumococcal Vaccine
May Require Boosters
Safe in Immunocompromised Patients
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1 min
Toxoid Vaccines
Consist of Toxins Released From a Pathogen
May Require Boosters
Safe In Immunocompromised Patients
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Vaccine
Tetanus Vaccine
Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine
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2 mins
Streptococcus Bovis
Group D Strep
Catalase-Negative
Gram Positive Cocci
Won't Grow in 6.5% Salt
Grows In Bile
Clinical Features
Endocarditis
Bacteremia Associated With Liver Disease
Bacteremia Associated With Colon Cancer
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3 mins
Leptospirosis and Weil's disease
Epidemiology
Prevalent Among Surfers In Tropics
Characteristics
Leptospira interrogans
Spirochete
Hooked Shaped Ends
Water Contaminated With Animal Urine
Signs and Symptoms
Myalgias, Especially Of Calves
Flu-like Symptoms
Photophobia
Conjunctival Suffusion
Weils disease
Liver And Kidney Dysfunction
Jaundice
Hemorrhage
Anemia
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3 mins
Trichinella spiralis
Characteristics
Nematode
Mode of transmission
Undercooked Meat (Especially Pork)
Signs and Symptoms
Larvae Enter Bloodstream And Encyst In Striated Muscle
Nause And Vomiting
Myalgia
Fever
Eosinophilia
Periorbital Edema
Treatments
Albendazole And Prenidonse
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2 mins
AV Heart Blocks
First Degree
First Degree: PR> 200 Milliseconds
No Treatment Needed
Second Degree
Mobitz I (Wenkebach): Progressive Lengthening of PR Intervals Leading to Dropped Beat
Exercise Improves, Vagal Maneuvers Worsen
Mobitz II: Dropped Beats With No Preceding PR Prolongation
Atropine
Electrical pacing
Third Degree
Third Degree (complete): P Waves and QRS Beat Independently
Treated With Pacing
Lyme Disease Can Cause 3rd Degree Block
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2 mins
Brugada Syndrome
Defective Myocardial Sodium Channels
Predominance in Asian Males
Autosomal Dominant
Pseudo-Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern
Persistent ST Elevations in Leads V1-V2
Risk of VTACH and Sudden Cardiac Death
Syncope
Management
ICD
Antiarrhythmics
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3 mins
Foregut Blood Supply and Innervation
Foregut Structures
Pharynx
Lower Esophagus
Proximal Duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Supply
Vagus Nerve
Celiac Artery
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3 mins
Midgut Blood Supply and Innervation
Distal Duodenum
Ligament of Treitz
To the Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
Supply
Vagus Nerve
Superior Mesenteric Artery
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2 mins
Hindgut Blood Supply and Innervation
Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
Upper Rectum
Pectinate Line
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Pelvic Plexus
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2 mins
Inguinal Canal
2MALT
2 Muscles Form the Roof
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominus Muscle
2 Aponeuroses Form the Anterior Wall
External and Internal Abdominal Oblique Aponeuroses
2 Ligaments Form Floor
Lacunar Ligament
Inguinal Ligament
2 T's Form the Posterior Wall
Transversalis Fascia
Conjoint Tendon
Deep Ring is Defect in Transversalis Fascia
Superficial Ring is Formed by Defect in the External Abdominal Oblique Aponeurosis
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4 mins
Gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Pathophysiology
Increased Bilirubin
Increased Cholesterol
Stasis
Decreased Bile Salts
Cholesterol Gallstones
Cholesterol Stones Are The Most Common
Radiolucent
Fat, Female, Fertile, Forty, Fair Complexion
Crohn´s Disease
Rapid Weight Loss
Estrogen Therapy
Native American
Pigmented Stones
Pigmented Gallstones
Hemolysis: Black Stones
Radiopaque
Infection: Brown Stones
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Treatment
Cholecystectomy
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4 mins
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Features
Most common cause of thrombocytopenia
IgG against platelet gpIIb/IIIa
Divided into acute and chronic forms
Acute arises in children after a viral infection/immunization
Chronic form arises in women of childbearing age
Symptoms/Diagnosis
Bleeding
Petechia
Isolated Thrombocytopenia
Increased megakaryocytes on bone marrow biopsy
Diagnosis of Exclusion
Management
Corticosteroids
IVIG
Splenectomy in refractory cases
Associated Conditions
HIV
Hepatitis C
CLL
SLE
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2 mins

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