Wayne Shared "Pharmacology Bliss 5/31/24" - 51 Picmonics
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Pharmacology Bliss 5/31/24
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-Clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
- Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
3 mins
Carbamazepine
- Indications
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Mechanism of Action
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Phenytoin
- Indications
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Side Effects
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
1 min
Barbiturates
- Barb- Drug Names
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Anesthesia Induction
- Mechanism of Action
- Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
- Decrease Neuron Firing
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
- CNS Depression
- P450 inducer
2 mins
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam' Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Lamotrigine
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
1 min
Topiramate
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase GABA Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Kidney Stones
- Weight Loss
- Sedation
1 min
Adjunct Agents for Partial Seizures (Part 1)
- Clorazepate (tranxeme)
- Felbamate (Felbatol)
- Blocks glycine coactivation
- Gabapentin (Neurontin)
- Increase release of GABA
- Tigabine (Gabatril)
- Block GABA reuptake
- Levetiracetam (Keppra)
- Block neuronal transmission
1 min
Ethosuximide
- Indications
- First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
32 secs
First Line Seizure Medications
- Generalized seizures
- Levetiracetam
- Valproic Acid
- Lamotrigine
- Topiramate
- Absence seizures
- Ethosuximide
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Valproic Acid
- Focal seizures
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin
- Lamotrigine
2 mins
Valproic Acid
- Indications
- First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- GI Distress
- Contraindication
- Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
- V-A-L-P-R-O-A-T-E
- Vomiting
- Alopecia
- Liver Toxicity
- Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
- Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
- Oedema (Edema)
- Appetite Increase
- Tremor
- Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
2 mins
Vigabatrin and Tiagabine
- Mechanisms
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Inhibits GABA Degradation (Vigabatrin)
- Inhibits GABA Reuptake (Tiagabine)
- Indications
- Infantile Spasms
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Side Effects
- Permanent Visual Loss (Vigabatrin)
1 min
Levetiracetam
- Mechanism of Action
- SV2A Receptor Antagonist
- Modulates GABA and Glutamate
- Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels
- Indication
- Partial (Focal) Seizures
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Myoclonic Seizures
- Side Effects
- Psychiatric Symptoms
- Lethargy
- Headache
- Contraindications
- Chronic Kidney Disease
3 mins
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
- Mechanism
- GABA Analog
- Indications
- Seizures
- Neuropathic Pain
- Fibromyalgia
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Ataxia
- Somnolence (Fatigue)
- Weight Gain
- Angioedema
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Considerations
- Dependence
2 mins
Inhaled Anesthetics
- Mechanism of Action
- Unknown Mechanism
- Inhaled Anesthetic Drugs
- HEISMN Drug Name Acronym
- Side Effects
- Respiratory Depression
- Myocardial Depression
- Lower Metabolic Demand, Increased Cerebral Blood Flow
- Hepatotoxicity (Halothane)
- Nephrotoxicity (Methoxyflurane)
- Seizure (Enflurane)
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- Expansion of Trapped Gas
2 mins
Midazolam
- Indications
- Sedation
- Amnesia
- Anxiolytic
- Anticonvulsant
- Invasive Procedures
- MOA
- GABA Agonist
- Reversal Agent
- Flumazenil
45 secs
IV Anesthetics
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Ketamine
- NMDA Receptor Antagonist
- Hallucinations
- Opioids
- Propofol
- Potentiates GABA-A
2 mins
Propofol
- Anesthetic
- Rapid Onset
- Can cause Hypotension
- Rapidly Metabolized
- Intra- and Extra-hepatic Metabolism
- Potentiates GABA-A
Fentanyl
- Mechanism of Action
- Opioid Receptor Agonist
- High Potency
- Indications
- Anesthesia Induction
- Chronic Pain
- Breakthrough Pain
- Side Effects
- CNS Depression
- Respiratory Depression
- Constipation
- Miosis
- Considerations
- Addiction
3 mins
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