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Silvester Shared "Immuno" - 29 Picmonics

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Immuno

Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
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2 mins
Cell Surface Proteins - B Cells
Ig
CD19
CD20
CD21
CD40
MHC II
B7
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1 min
B Cell Differentation
Mature in Bone Marrow
VJ Recombination of light chain in bone marrow
VDJ Recombination of Heavy Chain in bone marrow
Mature, naive B cells express IgM and IgD on surface
Class switching activated by CD40-CD40L + IL-4, IL-5
Class switching activated by cytokines
Class switching happens in germinal center
Somatic hypermutation in germinal center
Mature, Naive B Cells Live in Lymph node follicles (cortical region)
TdT adds nucleotides to VJ and VDJ regions
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Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
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1 min
Hyper IgM Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Deficient CD40 Ligand on Helper T-cells
Defective CD40 Receptor on B-cells
Inability to Class Switch
Signs and Symptoms
Pyogenic Abscess
Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
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Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Symptoms
Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
Mechanism
Autoimmune
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
Anti-Thyroglobulin
Lab Findings
Hurthle Cells
Lymphoid Follicles
Associations
HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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2 mins
HLA Associations
HLA-A3 Associated with Hemochromatosis
HLA-B27
HLA-B27
PAIR
Psoriatic Arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBS arthritis
Reactive Arthritis
HLA-DR2
HLA-DR2
Multiple Sclerosis
Hay Fever
SLE
Goodpasture's Syndrome
HLA-DQ8
Celiac Disease
HLA-DR3
HLA-DR3
Type 1 Diabetes
Graves Disease
SLE
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
HLA-DR4 associated with Rheumatoid arthritis
HLA-DR5
Pernicious anemia
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
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Graves' Disease Characteristics
Women 20-40 years old
Pathophysiology
Anti-TSH Receptor Antibodies
Symptoms
Ophthalmopathy
Exophthalmos
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Pretibial Myxedema
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
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1 min
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Both B and T Cell Deficiency
Recurrent Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoal Infections
Defective Interleukin (IL) 2 Receptor
X-Linked
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Failure to Synthesize MHC II Antigens
Treat with Bone Marrow Transplant
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2 mins
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
ATM Gene
Defect in DNA repair
Signs & Symptoms
Cerebellar defects
Spider Angiomas
Sensitive to Radiation
Defective Tumor Suppressor Gene
Increased risk of Cancer, Leukemias, and Lymphomas
Increased AFP levels
IgA deficiency
Repeated sinopulmonary infections
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2 mins
Myasthenia Gravis
Mechanism
Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
Symptoms
Ptosis
Diplopia
Weakness with Muscle Use
Respiratory Death
Thymus Associated
Treatment
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Plasmapheresis
Thymectomy
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1 min
Complement Disorders
Early Complement Deficiency
Pyogenic Infections
SLE
Sinus Infections
Terminal Complement Deficiency
Autosomal Recessive
Neisseria Infections
C5-C9
MAC (Membrane Attack Complex)
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4 mins
Celiac Disease Characteristics
Epidemiology
European Descent
HLA-DQ2
HLA-DQ8
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune-mediated Intolerance of Gliadin
Symptoms
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Weight Loss
Failure to Thrive
Decreased Bone Density
Steatorrhea
Anemia
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2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Features and Mechanisms
Features
More Common in Women
Presents in 20's and 30's
Northern Europeans
Mechanism
Unknown mechanism, genetic factor
HLA-DRB1
Autoimmune Demyelination of CNS
White Matter of Brain and Spinal Cord
T Cell Mediated Inflammation
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
Mechanism and Characteristics
Systemic Autoimmune Disease
9:1 female to male ratio
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclophosphamide
Complications
Lupus nephritis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Other
Drug-induced lupus
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2 mins
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Defective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
Blocks B Cell Maturation
Signs & Symptoms
Decreased Immunoglobulins of All Classes
Bacterial Infections After Six Months
Maternal IgG Protects Before Six Months
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2 mins

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