NEW LOWER PRICES - ACT FAST

Sean Shared "Cardio Pathology" - 16 Picmonics

With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.

Cardio Pathology

Atrioventricular Block Types
First Degree
First Degree
PR Interval > 200ms
No Treatment Needed
Second Degree
Second Degree
Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
Progressive PR Interval Lengthening with Nonconducted QRS Complex
Mobitz II
Constant PR Interval with Nonconducted QRS Complex
Third Degree
Third Degree
Atrioventricular Dissociation
picmonic thumbnail
3 mins
ECG: Atrial Flutter
Rate
Variable
Rhythm
Regular or Irregular
P Wave
Saw Tooth, Multiple Before Every QRS
PR Interval
Non-measurable
QRS Interval
< 0.12 seconds
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
ECG: Atrial Fibrillation
Rate
Variable Rate
Rhythm
Irregular Rhythm
P Wave
No P Wave
PR Interval
No PR Interval
QRS Interval
QRS < 0.12 Seconds
picmonic thumbnail
1 min
ECG: Sinus Tachycardia
Rate
> 100 bpm
Rhythm
Regular
P Wave
Present, Upright, Every QRS
PR Interval
< 0.20 seconds
QRS Interval
< 0.12 seconds
Treatment
Treat Underlying Cause
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Torsades de Pointes
Characteristics
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Prolonged QT Interval
QRS Twist Around Isoelectric Line
Causes
Congenital
Antibiotics
Antiarrhythmics
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Electrolyte Deficiencies
Complications
Ventricular Fibrillation
Treatment
Stable: Magnesium Sulfate
Unstable: Defibrillation
picmonic thumbnail
3 mins
Brugada Syndrome
Defective Myocardial Sodium Channels
Predominance in Asian Males
Autosomal Dominant
Pseudo-Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern
Persistent ST Elevations in Leads V1-V2
Risk of VTACH and Sudden Cardiac Death
Syncope
Management
ICD
Antiarrhythmics
picmonic thumbnail
3 mins
Arteriolosclerosis
Characteristics
Small Arteries and Arterioles
Thickening of Arteriole Wall
Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
Hyperplastic
Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia
"Onion Skin" Appearance
Malignant Hypertension
Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
Hyaline
Subendothelial Protein Deposits
Chronic Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Aging
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Disease
Risk Factors
Diabetes
Smoking
Family History
Hypertension
HDL < 40
Men Older than 45 Years of Age
Women Older than 55 Years of Age
Signs and Symptoms
Atheromas
Plaques in Blood Vessel Walls
Tissue Ischemia
Xanthomas
Lipemia Retinalis
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Abetalipoproteinemia
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Deficiency of Apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100
MTTP Gene Mutation
Clinical Features
Malabsorption
Steatorrhea
Failure to Thrive
Ataxia
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Spinocerebellar Degeneration
Diagnosis
Lipid-Laden Enterocytes
Acanthocytes
Decreased Cholesterol and LDL
Treatment
Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)
picmonic thumbnail
4 mins
Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Recessive
PATHOGENESIS
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPL)
Altered Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II)
Lab Findings
Increased Chylomicrons
Increased Cholesterol
Increased Triglycerides
Symptoms/Findings
Pancreatitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
No Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis
Eruptive/Pruritic Xanthomas
Milky White Appearance of Blood When Drawn
picmonic thumbnail
3 mins
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Recessive
PATHOGENESIS
Defective Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)
Lab Findings
Increased Chylomicrons
Increased VLDL
Symptoms/Findings
Premature atherosclerosis
Tuberoeruptive xanthomas
Palmar xanthomas
picmonic thumbnail
3 mins
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa Familial Dyslipidemia)
INHERITANCE
Autosomal Dominant
PATHOGENESIS
Defective or Absent LDL Receptors
Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100)
Lab Findings
Increased LDL
Decreased HDL
Type IIb also has Increased VLDL
Symptoms/Findings
Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Achilles Tendon Xanthomas
Xanthelasma
Corneal Arcus
picmonic thumbnail
4 mins
Aortic Stenosis
Characteristics
Age-related Calcifications
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
Systolic Murmur
Ejection Murmur
Ejection Click
Radiates to Carotids and Apex
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
Syncope
Helmet Cells
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
Auscultation
Diastolic Murmur
Immediate High-pitched
Blowing Murmur
Clinical Findings
Wide Pulse Pressure
Water Hammer Pulse
Head Bobbing
Pulsating Nail Bed
Considerations
Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
picmonic thumbnail
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
Characteristics
Murmur Follows Opening Snap
Late Diastolic Murmur
Enhanced by Expiration
Low-Pitched Rumbling
Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
Characteristics
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Loudest at Apex
Radiates toward Axilla
Louder by Squatting
Hand Grip
Expiration
picmonic thumbnail
1 min

Ace Your Medicine (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:

Over 2,030,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.

Choose the #1 Medicine (MD/DO) student study app.

Picmonic for Medicine (MD/DO) covers information that is relevant to your entire Medicine (MD/DO) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, COMLEX Level 1, or COMLEX Level 2, we’re here to help.

Works better than traditional Medicine (MD/DO) flashcards.

Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.

It's worth every penny