Sean Shared "Cardio Pathology" - 16 Picmonics
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Cardio Pathology
Atrioventricular Block Types
- First Degree
- First Degree
- PR Interval > 200ms
- No Treatment Needed
- Second Degree
- Second Degree
- Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
- Progressive PR Interval Lengthening with Nonconducted QRS Complex
- Mobitz II
- Constant PR Interval with Nonconducted QRS Complex
- Third Degree
- Third Degree
- Atrioventricular Dissociation
3 mins
ECG: Atrial Flutter
- Rate
- Variable
- Rhythm
- Regular or Irregular
- P Wave
- Saw Tooth, Multiple Before Every QRS
- PR Interval
- Non-measurable
- QRS Interval
- < 0.12 seconds
2 mins
ECG: Atrial Fibrillation
- Rate
- Variable Rate
- Rhythm
- Irregular Rhythm
- P Wave
- No P Wave
- PR Interval
- No PR Interval
- QRS Interval
- QRS < 0.12 Seconds
1 min
ECG: Sinus Tachycardia
- Rate
- > 100 bpm
- Rhythm
- Regular
- P Wave
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- PR Interval
- < 0.20 seconds
- QRS Interval
- < 0.12 seconds
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Cause
2 mins
Torsades de Pointes
- Characteristics
- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Prolonged QT Interval
- QRS Twist Around Isoelectric Line
- Causes
- Congenital
- Antibiotics
- Antiarrhythmics
- Antipsychotics
- Antidepressants
- Electrolyte Deficiencies
- Complications
- Ventricular Fibrillation
- Treatment
- Stable: Magnesium Sulfate
- Unstable: Defibrillation
3 mins
Brugada Syndrome
- Defective Myocardial Sodium Channels
- Predominance in Asian Males
- Autosomal Dominant
- Pseudo-Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern
- Persistent ST Elevations in Leads V1-V2
- Risk of VTACH and Sudden Cardiac Death
- Syncope
- Management
- ICD
- Antiarrhythmics
3 mins
Arteriolosclerosis
- Characteristics
- Small Arteries and Arterioles
- Thickening of Arteriole Wall
- Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
- Hyperplastic
- Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia
- "Onion Skin" Appearance
- Malignant Hypertension
- Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
- Hyaline
- Subendothelial Protein Deposits
- Chronic Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Aging
2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Disease
- Risk Factors
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Family History
- Hypertension
- HDL < 40
- Men Older than 45 Years of Age
- Women Older than 55 Years of Age
- Signs and Symptoms
- Atheromas
- Plaques in Blood Vessel Walls
- Tissue Ischemia
- Xanthomas
- Lipemia Retinalis
2 mins
Abetalipoproteinemia
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of Apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100
- MTTP Gene Mutation
- Clinical Features
- Malabsorption
- Steatorrhea
- Failure to Thrive
- Ataxia
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Spinocerebellar Degeneration
- Diagnosis
- Lipid-Laden Enterocytes
- Acanthocytes
- Decreased Cholesterol and LDL
- Treatment
- Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)
4 mins
Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Recessive
- PATHOGENESIS
- Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPL)
- Altered Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II)
- Lab Findings
- Increased Chylomicrons
- Increased Cholesterol
- Increased Triglycerides
- Symptoms/Findings
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- No Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis
- Eruptive/Pruritic Xanthomas
- Milky White Appearance of Blood When Drawn
3 mins
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Recessive
- PATHOGENESIS
- Defective Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)
- Lab Findings
- Increased Chylomicrons
- Increased VLDL
- Symptoms/Findings
- Premature atherosclerosis
- Tuberoeruptive xanthomas
- Palmar xanthomas
3 mins
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa Familial Dyslipidemia)
- INHERITANCE
- Autosomal Dominant
- PATHOGENESIS
- Defective or Absent LDL Receptors
- Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100)
- Lab Findings
- Increased LDL
- Decreased HDL
- Type IIb also has Increased VLDL
- Symptoms/Findings
- Accelerated Atherosclerosis
- Achilles Tendon Xanthomas
- Xanthelasma
- Corneal Arcus
4 mins
Aortic Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Age-related Calcifications
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
- Systolic Murmur
- Ejection Murmur
- Ejection Click
- Radiates to Carotids and Apex
- Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
- Syncope
- Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
- Auscultation
- Diastolic Murmur
- Immediate High-pitched
- Blowing Murmur
- Clinical Findings
- Wide Pulse Pressure
- Water Hammer Pulse
- Head Bobbing
- Pulsating Nail Bed
- Considerations
- Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Murmur Follows Opening Snap
- Late Diastolic Murmur
- Enhanced by Expiration
- Low-Pitched Rumbling
- Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
- Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
- Characteristics
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Loudest at Apex
- Radiates toward Axilla
- Louder by Squatting
- Hand Grip
- Expiration
1 min
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