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Micro Test 5
Clostridium botulinum
Characteristics
Bacillus
Gram-positive
Anaerobe
Spore-forming
Heat Labile Toxin
Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
Canned Food in Adults
Spores in Honey
Signs and Symptoms
Descending Flaccid Paralysis
Diplopia
Ptosis
Floppy Baby
Constipation
2 mins
Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
2 mins
Staphylococcus aureus Disease
Skin Infections
Impetigo
Abscesses
Exfoliative Toxin
Scalded Skin Syndrome
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST 1)
Binds to MHC II and T Cell Receptor
Food Poisoning
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
1 min
Bacillus Cereus Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Emetic Form
Short Incubation (1-6 Hours)
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrheal Form
Long Incubation (8-16 Hours)
Diarrhea and GI Pain
2 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
2 mins
Norovirus
Characteristics
Calicivirus
RNA Virus
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Symptoms
Acute Gastroenteritis
Treatment
Supportive Therapy
Considerations
Often found in Cruise Ships
1 min
Adenovirus
Characteristics
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
Linear
Double Stranded DNA
Signs and Symptoms
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Fever
Summer Swimming
Day Care Centers
Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Pneumonia
1 min
Rotavirus
Characteristics
Reovirus
Non-enveloped
Double-Stranded
RNA Virus
Linear
11 Segments
Triple Icosahedral Capsid
Most Common Cause of Diarrhea Worldwide
Villous Atrophy
Winter Months
Day Care Centers
Treatment
Oral Rehydration
2 mins
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Cutaneous
Painless Black Eschar (Necrotic Lesion)
Pulmonary
Mediastinal Widening
Rapidly Fatal
Woolsorter's Disease
Gastrointestinal
Consuming Anthrax-infected Meat
2 mins
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Spore-Forming
D-glutamate Polypeptide Capsule
Protective Antigen
Lethal Toxin
Edema Factor
Increased cAMP
1 min
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Clindamycin and Ampicillin
Toxin A Enterotoxin
Damages Brush Border of Gut
Toxin B Cytotoxin
Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Diagnosis
Detect Toxins in Stool
Treatment
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
3 mins
Listeria Monocytogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Positive
Bacillus
Intracellular
Survives in Cold Temperature
Actin Rocket
Tumbling Motility
Catalase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Only Gram-Positive with Endotoxin-Like Structure
2 mins
Vibrio Cholera Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Glucose Fermenting
Non-lactose Fermenting
Oxidase Positive
Comma Shaped
Thrives in Alkaline Environment
Crustaceans
1 min
Vibrio Cholera Disease
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Turn Gs on Causing Increase in cAMP
Secretion of Cl
Blocks Reabsorption of Na
Rice Water Diarrhea
1 min
Hepatitis A
Characteristics
Picornavirus
4 Week Incubation Period
Fecal-oral
Day Care Centers
Travel to Developing Countries
Signs and Symptoms
Usually Asymptomatic
Acute Disease
Jaundice
Fever
Vomiting
2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Disease
Can turn chronic
< 10% of adults become chronic carriers
90% of newborns become chronic carriers
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Serum sickness like syndrome
2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics
Hepadnavirus
Enveloped
Circular
Partially Double-stranded DNA
Has Reverse Transcriptase
IV Drug Use
Sex
Maternal Fetal Routes
3 Month Incubation Period
2 mins
Hepatitis C
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Flavivirus
Icosahedral
SS positive Linear
Clinical Features
Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
Associated With Type I MPGN
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
2 mins
Clonorchis Sinensis
Pathophysiology
Trematode (Fluke)
Undercooked Fish
Biliary Tract Inflammation
Pigmented Gallstones
Associated with Cholangiocarcinoma
Treatment
Praziquantel
1 min
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