JESSICA Shared "Cardiac Pathophysiology" - 28 Picmonics
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Cardiac Pathophysiology
Beta-1 Agonists
- Dobutamine
- Heart Failure
- Cardiac Stress Test
- Isoproterenol
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Torsades de Pointes
58 secs
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment
- Mechanism
- Atherosclerosis
- Assessment
- Bruit
- Pulsation in Abdomen
- Abdominal or Lower Back Pain
- Tearing Pain
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Considerations
- Rupture
- Shock
- Surgical Repair
1 min
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Pathophysiology
- Hole in Septum between the Atria
- Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Wide and Fixed Split S2
- Cyanosis and Dyspnea
- Easily Fatigued
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Surgery if CHF as Child
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Most Close Spontaneously
2 mins
Transposition of Great Vessels
- Pathophysiology
- Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation are in Parallel
- Incompatible with Life Without a Shunt
- Symptoms
- Severe Cyanosis at Birth
- Single S2 sound
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Chest X-ray shows "Egg-shaped Silhouette"
- Treatment
- Prostaglandin
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Surgical Correction
- Balloon Atrial Septostomy
2 mins
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Pathophysiology
- Bleeding State
- Activation of Clotting Factors
- Deficiency of Clotting Factors
- Causes
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Obstetric Complications
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Transfusion
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
1 min
Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- 12 Lead ECG
- ST Elevation
- Q Wave
- T Wave Inversion
- Troponin T and I
- CK-MB
- Considerations
- Early ECG
- Cardiac Stress Test
2 mins
Nitroglycerin
- Indications
- Pulmonary Edema
- Angina
- Mechanism of Action
- Decreases Preload
- Releases NO in Blood
- Side Effects
- Hypotension
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Flushing
- Monday Disease
- Contraindications
- Viagra (Sildenafil)
2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Considerations
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
2 mins
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Indications
- ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Uncontrolled Angina
- Considerations
- Internal Mammary Artery
- Saphenous (Leg) Vein
- Transient Limb Edema
- Closely Monitor Patients
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- Incentive Spirometer
2 mins
Left Heart Failure Assessment
- Pulmonary Assessment
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Pink Frothy Sputum
- Wheezing or Crackles
- Dyspnea with Exertion
- Cough
- Systemic Assessment
- Fatigue
- Tachycardia
- Weak Peripheral Pulse
- S3, S4 Heart Sounds
1 min
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Features
- Blue Baby Syndrome
- Mechanism
- PROVe Acronym
- Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
- Bronchoconstriction
- Metabolic
- Decreased Insulin
- Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
- Eye
- Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
- Characteristics
- Aortic Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Closes
- Ventricles Relax
- Mitral Valve Opens
- Tricuspid Valve Opens
- Ventricles Fill
- Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
- Atrial Contraction
3 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
- Characteristics
- AV Node
- AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
- Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
- Tricuspid Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Opens
- Mitral Valve Closes
- Aortic Valve Opens
2 mins
Cardiac Tamponade
- Mechanism
- Fluid in the Pericardial Sac
- Pericarditis
- Decreased Cardiac Output
- Signs/Symptoms
- Beck's Triad
- Hypotension
- Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
- Distant Heart Sounds
- Pulsus Paradoxus
- Electrical Alternans
- Treatment
- Pericardiocentesis
1 min
Pregnant Cardiac Patient Assessment
- Mechanism
- Cardiac Decompensation
- Signs and Symptoms
- Frequent Cough
- Dyspnea
- Palpitations
- Excessive Fatigue
- Pulse > 100 bpm
- Crackles
2 mins
Acute Pericarditis Causes
- Idiopathic
- Infection
- Trauma
- Cardiac
- Myocardial Infarction
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Uremia
- Tumor
- Radiation
2 mins
Acute Pericarditis Assessment
- Pericardial Sac Inflammation
- Assessment
- Sharp Chest Pain
- Increased with Inspiration
- Pain Decreased by Leaning Forward
- Pericardial Friction Rub
- Diffuse ST-Elevation
- T Wave Inversion
- Fever
- Considerations
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Cardiac Tamponade
2 mins
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