🐇
EASTER SALE SAVE UP TO 30% NOW

Tim Shared "PAtho 2" - 67 Picmonics

With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.

PAtho 2

Barrett's Esophagus
Histological findings
Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
Columnar Epithelium
Associated Pathologies
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Esophagitis
Esophageal Ulcers
Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
picmonic thumbnail
1 min
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Labs and Treatment
Labs
Increased Conjugated Bilirubin
Increased ALK-P
Increased IgM
Associated Pathologies
Ulcerative Colitis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis
Treatment
Liver Transplant
Stent
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Features
Blue Baby Syndrome
Mechanism
PROVe Acronym
Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Boot-Shaped Heart
Squatting for Tet Spells
Surgery
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
picmonic thumbnail
1 min
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Pathophysiology
Hole in Septum between the Atria
Symptoms
Often Asymptomatic
Wide and Fixed Split S2
Cyanosis and Dyspnea
Easily Fatigued
Diagnosis
Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
Echocardiogram
Treatment
Surgery if CHF as Child
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Most Close Spontaneously
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Left-to-Right Heart Shunts
The 3 Ds
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
PDA
Associations
Later Cyanosis
Clubbing
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Pathophysiology
Opening at Intraventricular Septum
Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
Symptoms
High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
Loud Pulmonic S2
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Treatment
Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
Large VSDs Require Surgery
Complications
Endocarditis
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
CHF
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Mechanism
Atherosclerosis
Assessment
Intermittent Claudication
Pain with Exercise
Paresthesias
Arterial Ulcers
Critical Limb Ischemia
Amputation
Consideration
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Atherosclerosis
Very common. Disease of elastic arteries and large- and medium-sized muscular arteries.
A form of arteriosclerosis caused by buildup of cholesterol plaques
Progression is in separate picmonic
LOCATION
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
RISK FACTORS
Modifiable: smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (Increased LDL), diabetes.
Nonmodifiable: age, sex (Increased risk in men and postmenopausal women), family history.
SYMPTOMS
Angina
Claudication
Can be asymptomatic
COMPLICATIONS
Aneurysms
Ischemia
Infarcts
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Thrombus
Emboli
picmonic thumbnail
Unstable Angina
Assessment
Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion
Limits ADLs
> 15 Minutes
Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin
ST Depression
Fatigue
Considerations
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment
Emergency Treatment
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Stable Angina
Assessment
Chest Pain with Exertion
Relieved within 15 Minutes
ST Depression
Interventions
Nitroglycerin
Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes
Rest
Antiplatelet Medication
CABG
Angioplasty
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Vasospastic Angina (Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina)
Occurs at rest 2° to coronary artery spasm
Transient ST elevation on ECG
TRIGGERS
Tobacco
Cocaine
Triptans
Trigger is often unknown
Treatment
Ca2+ channel blockers
Nitrates
Smoking cessation (if applicable)
Contraindication
Propranolol can exacerbate vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina
DIAGNOSIS
Intracoronary Ergonovine and Acetylcholine
picmonic thumbnail
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Screening
Screen Males 65-75 Who've Ever Smoked
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Treatment
Observation
Asymptomatic and < 5 cm in Size
Surgical Repair
> 5.5 cm in Abdomen
Emergent Surgery
Ruptured or Symptomatic
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Temporal Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Granulomatous
Old Females
Clinical Features
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Unilateral Headache
Jaw Claudication
Blindness
Lab Findings
Increased ESR
Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
Treatment
Steroids
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
High Sodium Diet
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
People of African Descent
Advanced Age
Vitamin D Deficiency
Reduced Nephron Number
Diabetes
Lack of Physical Activity
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Rheumatic Fever
Pathophysiology
Pharyngeal Infection with Strep Pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Aschoff Bodies
Anitschkow's Cells
Early Death Due to Myocarditis
Migratory Polyarthritis
Subcutaneous Nodules
Erythema Marginatum
Chorea
Diagnosis
Elevated ESR
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Epiglottitis Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Haemophilus Influenzae
Assessment
Drooling
Fever
Stridor
Restlessness
Dyspnea
Cough
Tripod Position
Considerations
Emergency Treatment
Do Not Examine Throat
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Epiglottitis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Airway
Upright/Sitting Position
Humidified Oxygen
Intubation/Tracheostomy Supplies At Bedside
IV Antibiotics
Decrease Anxiety
Considerations
NPO
Vaccine
Restrain to Prevent Extubation
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Mechanism
Parainfluenza Virus
Assessment
3 Months to 3 Years
Nighttime
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Interventions
Cool Humidified Air
Dexamethasone
Racemic Epinephrine
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
Black Females
Symptoms
Asymptomatic
Uveitis
Interstitial Fibrosis
Erythema Nodosum
Hepatomegaly
Myocardial Sarcoidosis
Lupus Pernio
picmonic thumbnail
1 min

Ace Your Medicine (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:

Over 2,030,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.

Choose the #1 Medicine (MD/DO) student study app.

Picmonic for Medicine (MD/DO) covers information that is relevant to your entire Medicine (MD/DO) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, COMLEX Level 1, or COMLEX Level 2, we’re here to help.

Works better than traditional Medicine (MD/DO) flashcards.

Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.

It's worth every penny

Tim Shared PAtho 2 - 67 Picmonics